Transcript DNA Quiz Review - OG-Science

RNA and Protein Synthesis
Review
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1. What sugar is found on RNA, as
compared to DNA?

Ribose (vs. deoxyribose)
2. What base is missing on RNA, &
what other base replaces it?


Thymine is replaced by
Uracil
3. Uracil will pair with what other
base on DNA?

Adenine – Uracil
4. Is RNA double or single stranded?

Single stranded
5. Name the 3 types of RNA and tell
the job of each.


mRNA – carries code from DNA out
into cytoplasm; codons on mRNA
code for 1 amino acid
tRNA – transfers amino acids to the
ribosome based on mRNA codons


Anticodon is complementary to codon
rRNA – makes up subunits of the
ribosome (which are the proteinmakers)
6. In transcription, _______ is converted
to ______. This occurs in the ________.

DNA is converted to RNA in the
nucleus
7. What happens to the newly made mRNA
molecule following transcription in the nucleus?

mRNA travels out the nuclear pores
into the cytoplasm and attaches to
the ribosome
8. What is RNA polymerase & what
is its function?

Enzyme that copies DNA into RNA
9. What bases pair with each other
during transcription?





DNA  RNA
Cytosine  guanine
Guanine  cytosine
Adenine  uracil
Thymine  adenine
10. In what part of a cell are proteins
made?

Ribosomes, floating in the
cytoplasm or attached to the rough
endoplasmic reticulum
*TYPO* 11. What are the subunits
called that make up PROTEINS?


ANSWER =
Amino acids
12. How many different kinds of
amino acids make up proteins?


There are 20 amino acids and they
can be combined in all different
combinations to create every
protein in your body
Everything in you is made OF or BY
at least one protein
13 AND 14. What is a codon & what
does each codon code for?


Group of three bases on mRNA
Codes for 1 amino acid
15. How many codons exist?

64
16. What are the START (1) and STOP (3)
codons for protein synthesis?


Start codon = AUG
Stop codons = UAG, UAA, UGA
17. What is the ‘start’ codon used for?
What is the stop codon used for?


Start codons initiate protein
synthesis (tell the ribosome to start
making the protein)
Stop codons halt protein synthesis
(tell the ribosome that the protein is
done)
18. Name the amino acid coded for
by each of these codons.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
UUA = Leucine
AUU = Isoleucine
UGU = Cysteine
AAA = Lysine
GAG = Glutamic Acid
CAA = Glutamine
19. Sketch and label a tRNA
molecule & tell its function.



Purple ball is the amino acid (top)
Attached to the bottom
is the anticodon
Function is to carry the
amino acids for protein
synthesis
20. Describe translation in a step-bystep method





mRNA attaches to ribosome
tRNA carries amino acids to ribosome
and matches them to coded mRNA
message (codon)
Amino acids bond together, forming
long chain called a polypeptide
Polypeptides are folded depending on
their function and begin their job
(See p368-69, esp figures @ bottom)
21. Where are amino acids found in
a cell?

Floating in the cytoplasm, attached
to tRNA molecules
22. What is an anticodon & where is
it found on tRNA?


Complementary to mRNA codon
At the bottom
23. What are the long chains of
amino acids called?

Polypeptide chains