Transcript Biochemistry

Biochemistry
Notes
Biochemistry
Biochemistry Study of
science that
explores how
properties of
CHEMICALS
make life
possible
Biochemistry
Inorganic
Compounds
Compounds that do
not contain carbon
Organic
Compounds
Compounds that do
contain carbon
All living organisms
are made of carbon
Biochemistry
Inorganic Compound
 Most important inorganic
Water
compound for living organisms
 Excellent solvent
 Polar compound: opposite
charges at each end of the
molecule
 High heat capacity: can absorb
and release a lot of heat/energy
before changing temperatures
Biochemistry
Organic Compounds
Carbon
Carbon forms the
structural backbone
of all organic
molecules.
Can bond with 4 other
atoms OR can bond
with other carbons to
form long chains or
rings.
Biochemistry
Organic Compounds
Monomers
Polymer
Basic units that repeat
over and over
large compound
formed from
combinations of many
monomers
Biochemistry
Four major kinds of polymers
(macromolecules)…
1)Carbohydrates
2)Lipids
3)Proteins
4)Nucleic acids
Biochemistry
1)Carbohydrates  Contain C, H2, and O in the
same ratio as in water
Used for
Basic Monomer
Energy source (sugars and
starches)
Structural and cellular
support
Monosaccharide
Biochemistry
Monosaccharide  Simple sugars
 Glucose and Fructose
 Same molecular formula
C6H12O6
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Disaccharide
 Double sugar molecule
Polysaccharide
 Largest carbohydrate
 Starch: Stored food
(glucose)
 Sugar: Quick energy
source
Biochemistry
Fats, Oils, and
Waxes
Contains C2, H2, and
O2
Insoluble in water
Storage of energy
Helps make up the
cell membrane
* Basic Monomer Glycerol + Fatty Acid
2)Lipids
Biochemistry
3)Proteins
*Basic Monomer
 Basic building material of
all living things
 Examples: hair, nails,
blood, muscle, skin
 Sources: egg whites,
gelatin, meat
 Amino Acid
Biochemistry
Amino Acids (aa)
 Each has a distinctive
characteristic
 Same basic structure:
 Four groups attached to a
central carbon atom
Acid Group (COO)
Amino Group (NH3)
Hydrogen Atom (H+)
“R-Group”  Determines
the amino acid
Biochemistry
Amino Acids (aa) 20 different naturally
occurring amino acids
10 produced by the
human body
Held together by
peptide bonds
Polypeptide: 3 or more
amino acids bonded
together
Biochemistry
Enzymes
 They are proteins
 Like a key that fits into only
one lock
The lock is the substrate
The key is the enzyme
 Active Site: Place where
the enzyme and substrate
bond
 Catalyst: Enzymes that
speeds up a reaction
Biochemistry
4) Nucleic Acids Carry instructions for
cellular activity
*Basic Monomer
Nucleotide
Biochemistry
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA
Blueprint of
instructions that get
transmitted from
generation to
generation
Found in the
nucleus only (of
eukaryotic cells)!!!
Biochemistry
Ribonucleic Acid
RNA
Transfers and reads
the instructions  then
makes proteins
Found in both the
nucleus and the
cytoplasm
Biochemistry
Three types of RNA:
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
 Messenger RNA
 Transfer RNA
 Ribosomal RNA
Biochemistry
There are four main
bases in nucleic acids:
 Adenine (A)
 Guanine (G)
 Thymine (T)
 Cytosine (C)
But…in RNA, Thymine is
replaced with…
 Uracil (U)
Biochemistry
Now play the Jeopardy game (link on
websites for Biochemistry webquest)
Write out a summary of the question with
the answer on your chart.