Transcript 1、definition

Biochemistry & medicine
introduction
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1、definition

Science concerned with
chemical basis of life
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
Science concerned with
the chemical constituents
of living cells and with the
reaction and process that
they undergo
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2 、 The aim of biochemistry
 Describe and explain in
molecular term
 All chemical process of
living cell
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（1）major objective of
biochemistry
Complete understanding at
the molecular level of all the
chemical processes associated with
living cells
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 isolation
 determine
 analyze
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(2) Further objective
Attempt to understand
how life began
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 An appreciation of the
biochemistry of less complex
form of life is often direct
relevance to human
biochemistry
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3.knowledge of biochemistry is
essential to all life science
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physiology
 immunology
 pharmacology
 pathology
 microbiology
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4、reciprocal relationship
between biochemistry &
medicine has stimulated
mutual advance
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* Biochemistry studies have
illuminated many aspects of
health & disease
* the study of various aspects of
health & disease has opened up
new areas of biochemistry
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biochemistry
Nucleic
acid
Genetic
disease
protein
lipid
Carbohydrates
arteriosclerosis
Sickle cell
anemia
Diabetes
mellitus
medicine
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5. Normal biochemical
processes are the basis
of health
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Definition of health
“Complete physical,mental &
social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease and infirmity”
------WHO
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A strictly biochemistry viewpoint about health:
 The situation in which all of the many
thousands of intra & extra cellular
reactions that occur in the body are
proceeding at the rates commensurate
with its maximal survival in the
physiological state
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6. Biochemical research has
impact on nutrition and
preventive medicine
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7. all disease has a
biochemical basis
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(1)physical agent:
mechanical trauma,
extremes of temperature,
sudden changes in atmospheric
pressure,
radiation,
electric shock
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(2)chemical agents:
drugs,
certain toxic compounds,
therapeutic drugs
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(3)biologic agents:
Viruses,
Bacteria,
Fungi,
Higher forms of parasites
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(4) oxygen lack
loss of blood supply,
depletion of the oxygen-carrying capacity
of the blood,
poisoning of the oxidative enzyme
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(5) genetic disorders:
Congenital , molecular
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(6) immunology reaction
Anaphylaxis,
Autoimmune disease
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(7) nutritional imbalances
Deficiencies,excesses
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(8) Endocrine imbalances
hormonal
deficiencies,excesses
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8. Biochemical studies
contribute to
diagnosis, prognosis
& treatment
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Disease
scurvy
causes
deficiencies of vitamin
rickets
C,D respectively
Arteriosclerosis
genetic,dietary
environment factors
Phenylketonuria
mainly mutation in
the gene coding
phenylalanine hydroxylase
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Disease
Cystic fibrosis
causes
mutation in the gene
coding the CFTR
Cholera
protein
exotoxin of
vibrio cholera
Diabetes type I
environment
genetic and
factors resulting in
deficiency of insulin
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9.many biochemical studies
illuminate disease
mechanisms & disease
inspire biochemical
research
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Use
(1) to reveal the fundamental
causes &mechanisms
of diseases
(2) to suggest rational
treatment of diseases
example
demonstration
of the genetic
defects in CF
use of a diet low in
phenylalanine
for the treatment of s
(3) to assist in the diagnosis
of specific disease
phenylketonuria
use of the plasma
enzyme CK-MB in
the diagnosis of
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myocardial infarction
Use
(4) To act as screening
tests for the early
diagnosis of certain diseases
example
use of measurement of
blood tyrosine or
TSH in the
neonatal diagnosis
of congenital
hypothyroidism
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Use
example
(5) To assist in monitoring
use of the plasma enzyme
the progress of certain
ALT in monitoring the
disease
progress of infectious
hepatitis
(6) To assist in assessing the
use of measurement of
response of diseases to therapy blood CEA in certain
patients who have
been
treated for cancer
of the colon
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