Transcript The Northern Renaissance

The Northern Renaissance
Libertyville HS
Similarities
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Same religion, until 1517
(Catholicism)
Same economic system
(guilds)
An artistic center
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In Italy, Florence
In North, Burgundy (in
Belgium)
Similarities
/ Diff. of
North,
Differences Italian R.
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North had one small, rich
duchy, Burgundy
A few large, centralized
states = less innovation,
merchant power
North had fewer artists
spread over larger area
North had less focus on
Greek, Roman revival;
instead, focus was on
religious reform
The
Printing
Press
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Chinese invention that
was independently
developed in Europe
Invented around 1444
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Guild secret
Gutenberg used indiv.
reusable letters
New ink to stick to metal
1455: First book off
printing press = Bible
Impact of
Printing
Press
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By 1500 = 20 million
books printed
By 1600 = 140-200
million books printed
Cheap books + large
supply = more literacy
Education became
accessible to regular
people (esp. universities)
Scientific Revolution accelerated b/c scientists learned from each other
Printing press allowed Protestant Reformation b/c ideas spread quickly
Flanders /
Belgium
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Center of Northern
Renaissance were the
Dukes of Burgundy
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Rich, from wool and
banking
Patrons of the arts
Artists flocked to
Bruges, Brussels
Duchy eventually
conquered, divided
between France, HRE
France
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Charles VII (1403-1461)
brought Ren. ideas from
Italy – started French Ren.
Erasmus (1466-1536)
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Dutch humanist & Catholic
reformer (Disagreed w/
Luther)
“Philosophy of Christ”:
church departing from
selfless love, piety
Translated Bible from Greek
In Praise of Folly – satire of
Church
England
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“Elizabethan Age” = Ren.
England
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
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The “Virgin Queen”
Great patron of the arts
Francis Bacon: scientific
method
Ben Jonson: Poet, actor,
playwright
Christopher Marlowe: poet,
actor – spy?
William
Shakespeare
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Considered greatest
writer of English
language
Wrote 38 plays, 154
sonnets
Popular during life:
called the “Bard of
Avon”
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Northern Renaissance Painters
Characteristics
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Less @ anatomy,
perspective
More @ mastery of
technique, detail of subject
Great Artists of Period
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Hubert van Eyck (1385-1426)
Jan van Eyck (1390-1441)
Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)
Hans Holbein (1497-1543)
Hubert van Eyck – 3 Marys at the Tomb
Northern Renaissance Painters
Hubert & Jan van Eyck, Altarpiece of Ghent
Albrecht Durer – Adoration of the Magi
Northern Renaissance Painters
Durer, Mary with the Squatting Child
Hans Holbein, The Artist’s Family
Northern Renaissance Painters
Holbein, Portrait of Henry VIII
Holbein, Jane Seymour
Northern European Architecture
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Medieval architectural style
= Gothic
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Many cathedrals, abbeys,
etc. built in style
During late 15th and into
16th centuries, architecture
evolved into fusion of
Italian Ren. and local
preferences
Gothic Cathedral, Reims France
Examples of French Renaissance
Architecture
Chateau de Chambord (combo Gothic / Ren)
Château de Chenonceau, Loire
Examples of English Renaissance
Architecture
Burghley House, 1587
Hardwick Hall, 1597
Other Examples of
Renaissance Architecture
Esztergom Basilica – Hungary
The Escorial - Spain