Transcript Francisco Reifschneider - AIARD Association for International

The Current Strategy of
the CGIAR
Francisco Reifschneider
Director CGIAR
June 2, 2003
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Centrality of agriculture
Ag GDP/total
Agriculture in
African Economies
70%
27%
35%
40%
12%
2%
All
IndustriLLDCs
alized developing
GNP
Exports Employment
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Agriculture is getting back
on the development agenda
• World Food Summit+5, 2002
• World Summit on Sustainable Development,
2002 / WEHAB: 5 areas of importance
(Kofi Annan)
• World Water Forum, 2003
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Challenges to agriculture
• Doubling of food production in 40 years
• Extreme poverty in rural areas
• Reduce ecological footprint
• Can food security gap be closed?
• Case for agricultural research as a global public
good stronger than ever before
• Recovery from natural and
man-made disasters
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Cereal demand:
Developing world accounts for 2/3 by 2020
3000
Million metric tons
Industrialized world
Developing world
2500
2000
1,675
1500
1,118
1000
560
500
664
725
822
0
1974
1997
2020 Baseline
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Meat demand:
Explosive growth in developing countries
350
Million metric tons
300
250
Industrialized world
Developing world
213
200
111
150
100
50
32
77
98
114
0
1974
1997
2020 Baseline
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Poverty
• Predominantly rural phenomenon
• >70% of the poor live in rural areas
• It is multidimensional (lack of food, assets,
credit, technologies, extension, and
increasingly, knowledge)
• Poor are powerless and voiceless
• The poor risk being bypassed by the
knowledge revolution
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Natural resource degradation
• 40% of world’s cropland already degraded
• 20-30% of world’s forests cleared
• 40% of fish stocks fished to their limit
• Ecological footprint of agriculture is large
and growing
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Changing context and
agricultural research
•
•
•
•
•
•
Intellectual property rights
Environmental and social concerns
Market security
Accelerating pace of scientific change
Speed of change itself
Private sector investment in S&T
• Investments are large (30 to 40%) and growing, but
outputs are localized
• Steep decline in public investments, but still 60%
• CGIAR investments only 1.8% of public agricultural R&D
• Emergence of strong NARS, dismantling NARIS
• New ‘threats’ and ‘opportunities’
(climate change, AIDS, globalization, ICT, etc.)
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Role for international
agricultural research
• Agricultural research is a driver of
growth in rural areas
• Partnerships are essential
• Importance of knowledge sharing,
building national capacities
• Provision of public goods
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provision of public goods
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Consultative Group on
International Agricultural Research
(CGIAR)
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
A strategic alliance for the
21st century
• Created in 1971
• 62 public and private members
• 4 co-sponsors (World Bank, FAO, IFAD, UNDP)
• 16 CGIAR Centers
• Partners in academics, CSO, PS, NARIS
•
•
(in N+S)
8,500 scientists/staff in over 100 countries
Total budget 2002: US$ 357 million
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
The CGIAR Centers
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Five CGIAR research pillars
(2002)
• Increasing productivity (34%)
• Strengthening NARS (23%)
• Protecting the environment (18%)
• Improving policies (15%)
• Saving biodiversity (10%)
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
CGIAR contributions of yesterday:
Green Revolution
• Diffusion of knowledge through collaboration of
•
•
•
ARIs, NARS, NGOs, extension services…
Impact: since 1950s Asia more than doubled
yields of staple crops
High yielding varieties averted food crisis looming
in the 1960s
• Saved land
• Still spreading
but changing external environment
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Broadening CGIAR
research agenda
• Twin pillars of research for
development: germplasm improvement
and natural resource management
• Simultaneous achievement of
productivity, environmental, and
social goals
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
CGIAR contributions of today:
Rice-Wheat Consortium of
Indo-Gangetic Plains
500,000
• Low-till farming in
rice-wheat systems
• Total area:
23 million ha
• Example of yield
increase
Growth in area devoted
to low-till farming
(in ha)
300,000
• 1.64 to 3.34
tons/ha in India
• Partnership for
impact (4 countries,
5 Centers, 6 ARIs)
• Resource conserving
100,000
12,000
1200
9899
9900
00- 01- 0201 02 03
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
CGIAR contributions of today:
Quality Protein Maize (QPM)
• Has twice the amount of
lysine, tryptophan –
essential amino acids
• QPM planted on one
million hectares, in 20
countries, boosting food,
nutrition, health and
income security
• In Ghana, record yields of
7 tons/ha achieved
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Vision for a new CGIAR
• Agile, world-class knowledge alliance
• Working at frontier of science, linking
•
•
science and the poor
Provider of public goods that will not be
addressed by private sector research
Partnerships as key element
• US universities, GREAN Initiative,
FONTAGRO platform etc.
• Resource mobilization (finance, knowledge,
intellectual property)
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
CGIAR reform program
• Increase research impact through internal
•
•
•
and external alliances
Increase efficiency in policy formulation
and decision-making
Harness cutting edge science to help meet
international development goals
Service provision in a more effective mode
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Strategic consensus with
Co-sponsors and members
• World Bank: “Reaching the Rural Poor” strategy
•
•
•
•
acknowledges importance of S&T
FAO: Strategic Framework for FAO 2000-2015
calls for cooperation to eradicate food insecurity
and rural poverty
IFAD: Strategic Framework 2000-2006
emphasizes critical role of agricultural science to
reduce poverty and conserve natural resources
USAID: strategy aims at revitalizing agricultural
programs with emphasis on science-based
solutions
IDB: recognizes strategic importance of the
agricultural sector for overall growth
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
New CGIAR strategic
framework is in development
• To meet CGIAR goals facing new opportunities
and threats
• Formulation and drafting will be a broadly
consultative, participatory process involving as
many stakeholders as possible
• Lead to action plan for implementation in the
short and medium term
• To help define the strategic niche for Challenge
Programs in the CGIAR’s research and
development agenda
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
CGIAR Challenge Programs
• Approach: time-bound, innovative multi-
institutional, multi-disciplinary, and multi-country
• Focus: tackling problems of global significance in
agriculture and allied sectors
• Water and Food
• Biofortified Crops for Improved Human Nutrition
• Challenge programs are:
• building new and strengthening ongoing partnerships
• strengthening research for development
• addressing Millennium Development Goals
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Biofortified crops for improved
human nutrition
• Objectives: breeding and diffusion of new crops with
improved micro-nutrient content
• 6 staple crops (beans,cassava,maize,rice,sweet pot.,wheat)
• 11 additional crops (incl.: barley,sorghum,millet,lentils)
• Nutrients: iron, zinc, beta-carotene
• About 40 partners (incl.: 8 CGIAR Centers,
4 leading ARIs)
• 3 geographical regions: LAC, Africa, Asia
• Initial funding: US$ 46 million (first 4 years)
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Water and Food
• Objectives: increasing water use efficiency in
•
•
•
•
agriculture while protecting the environment
Partnership: 18 members (6 NAROs, 4 ARIs,
5 CGIAR Centers, 3 international NGOs)
Matrix structure: 5 research themes (incl. crop
water productivity improvement) and
7 benchmark river basins in LAC, Africa, Asia
(incl. Nile, Karkheh, Sao Francisco)
Minimum core budget: US$ 120 million
(first 6 years)
Some 75% of total funding is organized as
open, competitive grant financing
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Challenges of CPs
• Resource mobilization
• Strategic priorities
• Effective governance model
• Transaction costs
• Science quality
• Global public policy issues (PPP, IPR)
• Major experiment
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
The way forward
• Agricultural development pivotal for economic
growth, poverty reduction, food security and proper
environmental management
• Existing partnerships have to be strengthened for
increasing impacts (MDGs); new partnerships have
to be formed
• Public good research is and will be vital
• CGIAR reform process, partnerships and external
environment: harnessing the opportunity is a must
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH