Transcript The Renaissance

The Renaissance
Respectfully submitted
C. Stephen Ingraham
CSI09
This is How Mullen
Students Roll:
We are always on time for class,
We come prepared to learn,
We always allow other students to learn,
We respect the personal space of others!
Sing to the Tune “Row, Row, Row your boat”.
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A
Little
Quiz
1. ____ An effect of the Crusades on Europe was
a). The Holy Land was freed from the Seljuk Turks
b) People moved away from the towns & cities
c) The towns & cities became crowded with people
d) The Eastern & Western parts of the old Roman Empire were united.
2. ____ Another effect of the Crusades on Europe was
a). The Holy Land was not freed from the Seljuk Turks
b) People returned back to their former tenant farms
c) The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches were united
3.____ An effect of the Bubonic Plague on Europe was
a). The Holy Land was freed from the Seljuk Turks
b) People moved away from the towns & cities
c) New knowledge of medical practices evolved
d) 75% of the people in Europe died.
4.______ An other effect of the Bubonic Plague on Europe was
a). The knowledge of the Greeks & Roman was discovered
b) People moved into the towns & cities
c) The rat population was finally controlled
d) The power of the Nobles and the Church decreased.
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5. ____ The Christian Church Divided because of
a). The Holy Land was freed from the Selkic Turks
b) disagreements over the Crusades
c) disputes over holy pictures of Jesus and the saints
d) The serfs’ problems with the Feudal system.
6. ___ The Magna Carta was important because it said
a) The King was above the laws and didn’t have to obey them
b) The King also had to obey the laws
c) The Feudal System was supported by the Christian Church
d) The Christian Church was established as the official Church
7. ___ The people who were tied to the land during the Middle Ages were
a) the Kings b) The Nobles
c) the Knights d) the Serfs.
8. ___ A large block of land made up of meadows, forests, farmland, a village, and a
church owned by a noble was called.
a) a manor b) a Nation-State c) a City-State
d) a Feudal State.
9. ___ The document that first limited the power of the Kings in England was
a) the Constitution
b) Common Sense
c) the Magna Carta
d) The Justinian Code.
10. ___ The Emperor Justinian was ruler of
a) The Holy Land b) Byzantium c) France d) England
11. ___ Charlemagne, The Holy Roman Emperor was ruler of
a) the Holy Land b) Byzantium c) France d) England
A Little Quiz
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12. ____ The Christian leader in Constantinople
a) Priest
b) Caliph c) Pope
d) Patriarch.
13. ___ The Christian Church leader in Rome
a) Priest
b) Caliph c) Pope
d) Patriarch.
14. ___ The Muslim Leader and successor to Muhammad
a) Priest
b) Caliph c) Pope
d) Patriarch.
15. ___ The Muslims who stayed loyal to the descendants of the fourth caliph are called
a) Sunni
b) Orthodox
c) Shiite d) Abbasid or Umayyad.
A Little Quiz
Please Rate how you think you did:
State the number of questions out of 15 you think you got correct _______________________
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Renaissance Table of Contents
1. Renaissance Definition
2. Vocabulary Terms
3. Renaissance Song
4. The Mediterranean & the Black Sea
5. Italian City-States Map6. Guild
7. The Rise of the Italian City-States
8. Merchants in Europe Unite
9. New Ideas in the Renaissance
10. The Renaissance
11.Learning About the World
12. Changes in Art
13. The Spread of Ideas
14. Revolution in Science
15. Nation-State
16. Map
17. Life in Europe
18. Weakened Church & Reformation
19. Art, Literature, & Religion Change
Directions:
Skip to pages.
(either front and back
or two facing pages)
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What Does
Renaissance
Mean?
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What Does Renaissance
Mean?
The rebirth or rediscovery of
Knowledge in Europe after the
bubonic plague and the dark ages.
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The Renaissance Song sung to Teen Titans
It first had beginnings in Italy.
Venice, Naples, Milan, Florence & Genoa you see.
Merchants bring ideas & technology.
The city-state of Venice ruled the sea.
Banking families became very wealthy.
It’s the Renaissance!!!
Renaissance
Renaissance
Learning & knowledge is valued you see.
Renaissance
Patrons paid painters, sculptors, & scholars money. Renaissance
Perspective adds realism to their work.
People want to know how all things work.
Using math Isaac Newton explains gravity.
It’s the Renaissance!!!
A Renaissance genius was Leonardo da Vinci.
Renaissance
A philosopher, scientist, engineer, inventor was he, Renaissance
but don’t forget Michelangelo
He painted the Sistine Chapel you know.
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And Gutenberg’s press prints history.
It’s the Renaissance!!!
The Renaissance Song Part Two
Copernicus says the Earth revolves around the sun Renaissance
Galileo’s telescope proves it & science has won.
Renaissance
Indulgences are sold by the clergy.
Martin Luther’s 95 Theses is heresy.
Protestants start the Reformation in Germany.
It’s the Renaissance!!!
It’s the Renaissance!!!
It’s the Renaissance!!!
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The Roman Empire
The Mediterranean Sea
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Byzantine Empire
Atlantic
Ocean
Barbaric Tribes
EUROPE
Western Part of the
Black Sea
Roman Empire
ASIA
Mediterranean Sea
Byzantine Empire 622 CE
(Eastern Part of the Roman Empire)
AFRICA
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Byzantine Empire
Atlantic
Ocean
Holy Roman Empire
Black Sea
EUROPE
ASIA
Mediterranean Sea
Islam around 1096 CE
AFRICA
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The Crusades
1)
2)
3)
4)
EUROPE
1096-1099 CE.
1147-1149 CE.
1189-1192 CE.
1202-1204 CE.
2
* Constantinople
1
Spain
4
ASIA
* Antioch
Syria
3
Persia
Palestine
* Jerusalem
Alexandria*
Arabia
* Medina
* Mecca
AFRICA
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The World
England
Byzantine Empire
Germany
EUROPE
France
* Constantinople
Spain
ASIA
* Antioch
Syria
Persia
Palestine
* Jerusalem
Alexandria*
Arabia
* Medina
* Mecca
AFRICA
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Vocabulary to Set the Stage
Greek Fire - A chemical mixture which catches fire when water
hits it.
doge - A leader of the Italian City-State of Venice.
saga - A Scandinavian (or Viking) adventure story.
Territorial expansion - The adding of new land through war fare.
Hansas - Groups of merchants working together sharing the
cost
of trading (renting ships & paying guards).
Embargoes - Bans on trade to force a favorable trade agreement.
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Renaissance
Vocabulary
Renaissance - A French word meaning rebirth.
Patron - A supporter of the Arts or artist.
Perspective - A technique which allows an artist to show the
difference from things that are close and things that
are far away.
Moveable type - single letters that can be arranged in trays to
form words and reused to form new words and
sentences.
Telescope - An instrument that can make faraway objects seem
closer developed by Galileo Galilei
Gravity - The force named by Isaac Newton which explains how
objects are held to the Earth and the attraction of the
planets.
Scientific Method - The concept that requires ideas to be tested
through observation and experimenting.
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Italian City-States
*Milan *Venice
Genoa*
*Florence
*Constantinople
Naples*
Mediterranean Sea
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The Mediterranean & the Black Sea 12-2
I A. Byzantine Trade
1. Byzantine Emperor Justinian I controlled both the Mediterranean &
the Black Sea.
2. Constantinople, his capital between both, was a center of trade. All
trade goods which came through the city were taxed.
3. Byzantine merchant ships traveled through the Red Sea
to the Indian Ocean and journeyed up the Dnieper River.
4. The Byzantine Navy used Greek Fire, or a chemical
mixture which caught fire when it hit water, to rule the sea.
B. Muslims in the Mediterranean
1. In 649 CE. Muslims controlled the island of Cyprus and in
799 CE. They controlled Crete, Sicily, & other important
Mediterranean Islands.
2. The Byzantine Empire took back Cyprus & Crete and
ordered all merchants to stop sending ship building wood
& iron to Muslim lands.
3. The Italian City-States of Amalfi and Venice disregarded this order
because they were far from the rest of the Byzantine Empire and
they were growing rich by continued trade with the Muslims.
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The Mediterranean & the Black Sea 12-2
I C. The Rise of the Italian City-States
1. Venice grew rich & powerful.
a) They exported wood, wool, & iron
b) They imported silks, spices, & ivory which they sold in Europe
2. Other Italian City-States (Pisa & Genoa) formed strong ties with
Muslim ports in North Africa.
3. In the late 1000 CE. Venice helped the Byzantines by fighting the
Norman invaders and were rewarded by not having to pay taxes on
their good traveling through Constantinople.
4. In 1204 CE. the doge, or leader of Venice, told the crusaders to attack
Constantinople and after the city fell Venice took control of most of
the Byzantine lands along the eastern Mediterranean.
5. The Italian City-States of Genoa, Milan, Florence under the leadership
of Venice held a trade monopoly for 200 years.
6. In 1453 Ottoman Turks closed Constantinople to all trade and the
jealousy of the Italian City-states would cause others to look for
another route to Asia beginning the Age of Exploration.
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II
The Northern Seas 12-3
C. Merchants In Europe Unite
1. European Merchants face many problems:
a) bandits on land
b) pirates at sea
c) paid taxes at every port.
2. In 1200 CE. Merchants form Hansas, or groups to share the costs of
trading, such as renting ships and paying guards for trade caravans.
3. By 1300 CE. Over 200 northern European towns join the Hanseatic League.
The members agree to protect each other’s merchants and their trading
rights.
4. The League had its own navy, but more often used its economic power.
Embargoes, or bans on trade, worked as well as war for gaining trade
agreements.
5. This gave them a monopoly on northern sea trade.
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The Rebirth of Ideas in Europe 13-1
I A. The Renaissance Begins In Italy
1. The Italian cities of Venice, Naples, Milan, Florence, & Genoa become
trading centers. Merchants bring not only goods, but ideas about
philosophy, science, geography, and technology.
2. Wealthy merchant and banking families took over their city-state’s
government.
3. These new leaders:
a) valued learning
b) appreciated the Greek’s love of beauty
c) respected the Roman’s practical ideas of government
d) became patrons, or supporters of scholars and artists.
4. One family of Florence, de’ Medici, encouraged artist & thinkers paying
them.
B. Learning About The World
1. Middle Age thinking which focused on God and religion shifted to the
importance of the individual.
2. People needed to understand how things worked.
3. Renaissance scholars studied Greek & Roman ideas preserved by Muslim
scholars, however writers wrote in their own language.
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New Ideas in Renaissance Thinking
1) The focus changes from God & Heaven (The afterlife) to
Humanity and the Earth (The here & now)
2) The desire to discover how things work (Math & Science)
3) Humanism
A doctrine or way of life that developed during the Renaissance which
centered on human interests or values and human capabilities.
(Instead of the Divine)
4) Individualism
A Renaissance doctrine that the interests of the individual are of primary
importance and that the individual has political and economic
rights. It is concerned with an individual’s accomplishments.
5) Secularism
A change of concentration during the Renaissance from the struggle to
attain Heaven to ones earthly existence (One’s position on Earth
which is indifferent or excludes religion)
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The Rebirth of Ideas in Europe 13-1
I C. Changes in Art
1. During the Middle Ages art looked formal & stiff being mostly religious
subjects.
2. Renaissance Art, includes nonreligious subjects, is more lifelike, faces
show emotion and backgrounds look realistic.
3. Perspective is the technique allowing the artist to show a difference
between
things close up or far away.
4. Artists are thought of as craftworkers, and form groups of artists, or guilds,
which controlled both who worked and the subject.
5. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519 CE.) was a scientist, engineer, inventor,
philosopher, writer and artist. He sketched plants, animals, bones & muscles
and painted the Mona Lisa.
6. Michelangelo Buonarroti was a painter, sculpture, and architect. Since his
patron was Pope Julius II most of this work is religious in nature. He did
sculptures of David & Moses and painted the Sistine Chapel’s ceiling.
D. The Spread of Ideas
1. Johannes Gutenberg uses a printing press with movable type, of
interchangeable single letters of the alphabet. More people now have books
because printing becomes easier and books become cheaper & affordable.
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2. William Shakespeare writes poems & plays for royalty, nobles, and ordinary
The Rebirth of Ideas in Europe 13-1
I E. Revolution in Science
1. The questioning spirit of the Renaissance lead scientist to explore how the
physical world works. They used the scientific method which required ideas
to be tested through observation & experimentation.
2. In the 1500s CE. Nicolaus Copernicus calculated that the earth revolves
around the sun, which disputed the church teachings that the earth was the
center of the solar system.
3. In the 1600s CE. Galileo Galilei proved Copernicus’s theory by using a
telescope, an instrument which made faraway objects seem close.
4. In 1687 Isaac Newton an English Mathematician wrote a book explaining
that gravity, which held objects to the Earth, was the same force that keeps
the planets circling the sun.
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Famous Renaissance People
Directions: Match the Person with the achievement
1. ___ Johannes Gutenberg (1455)
2. ___ Shakespeare
3. ___ Nicolas Copernicus
4. ___ Galileo Galilei
5. ___ Isaac Newton
6. ___ Leonardo da Vinci (1452 -1519)
7. ___ Michelangelo Buonarroti
a) Gravity
b) David & the Sistine Chapel
c) The Telescope
d) English Playwright
e) Printing Press & movable type
f) Perspective & the Mona Lisa
g) The Earth revolves around the Sun
Directions: Number These Events in Their Proper Order
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
___
___
___
___
___
___
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
The merchants of Venice do not have to pay taxes on goods traveling
through Constantinople.
Patrons support scholars and artists.
The Bubonic Plague causes the knowledge of the Greeks to be lost.
The 4th Crusade attacks Constantinople.
Banking Merchant Families become very wealthy.
The Ottoman Turks close Constantinople to all trade.
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Changes in Europe 13-2
II A. New Monarchies
SPAIN
1. In 1469 CE. King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile marry
uniting their kingdoms. They begin Reconquista, or a plan to reconquer &
unify Spain by making it an all Catholic country.
(One Religion & One Government)
a) They drive out the Moors (Muslims from North Africa).
b) They expel 200,000 Jews.
FRANCE
2) In 1461 CE. Louis XI became ruler of a divided France. Although France
had won a hundred year war with England the French people were tired of
fighting for the Nobles.
a) He crushes the power of the warring Nobles
b) He granted the middle merchants in every town special favors and
gained their support. (and taxes to support him kingdom).
ENGLAND
3) In 1485 CE. Henry Tudor becomes King Henry VII after winning a battle. To
unite the country he marries the niece of the family he conquered. Then he
moves against noble families who still oppose him.
a) he seizes their armies & their land.
b) He chooses lesser nobles and people from the middle class to help him
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govern England.
Byzantine Empire
Atlantic
Ocean
France
EUROPE
Black Sea
ASIA
Spain
Mediterranean Sea
The Rise of the Nation-States
Strong Central Government, ruler, laws,
full time army, common language, & customs.
AFRICA
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II B. Life In Europe
Changes in Europe 13-2
1. By 1500 CE. Most people lived in small villages as tenant farmers for Noble
land owners. The poor lived in wood huts with straw roofs.
2. By 1550 CE. Landowners realized that raising sheep meant more profits
that farming the land.
3. Thousands of families were thrown off the land as farmer were turned over
for pasture.
4. Unable to find work uprooted people crowded into the towns and cities and
the newcomers willing to work for almost nothing they displaced many who
already had a job.
C. A Weaken Church & D. Reformation
1. In 1513 CE. One of the de’Medici family became Pope Leo X.
a) He spent church money on himself & sold positions in the church
b) He sold indulgences, or pardons for sin, to raise money. However these
pardons were for sins that might be committed in the future.
2. A German priest Martin Luther was shocked that money could buy
forgiveness from God. He believed the Bible held all religious teachings.
3. On Oct. 31, 1517 Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses listing complaints
against the church.
4. He as convicted of heresy, or denying the beliefs of the Catholic Church.
5. His followers were called Lutherans and other Germans who protested
against the church became known as Protestants.
6. Many new churches were formed to reform the church and this movement is
known as the Reformation.
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Prepare for the Test 13
Many changes occurred during the Renaissance. List all
the changes between the Middle Ages & the Renaissance
ART
____________________________________________________
LITERATURE
____________________________________________________
RELIGION
____________________________________________________
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Persuasive Writing Prewriting Planner
A. Introduction
a. Hook
b. Directly state the topic
c. Opinion statement
d. 3 Supporting Details: “To begin with,” “Furthermore,” & “Most importantly.
e. Bridge/Conclusion: “Allow me to further explain.”
B. Body Paragraphs 2 (Early Life), 3 (Adult Life), & 4 (Importance)
a) State Idea
b) Evidence #1
c) Evidence #2
d) Bridge/Conclusion
C. Conclusion:
a) Restate Topic
b) Restate opinion
c) Restate 3 ideas
d) Clincher/”Utopian” view
e) Thank audience.
Remember: A person admitted
To the Renaissance Hall of Fame
should show knowledge or
accomplishments in several
intellectual fields. You must
Explain why your person should
be included by using facts from
your research.
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Persuasive
Writing
Prewriting
Planner
A. Introduction
a. Hook
b. Directly state the topic
c. Opinion statement
d. 3 Supporting Details: “To begin with,” “Furthermore,” & “Most
importantly.
e. Bridge/Conclusion: “Allow me to further explain.”
Cosimo de’Medici is one of the most influencial people
of the Italian Renaissance. He not only belongs in the
Renaissance Hall of Fame, but should have a place of honor.
To begin with the Medici family became important leaders of
the Italian City-state of Florence under Cosimo’s leadership
and guidance. Furthermore, the Medici’s family’s patronage of
artists and scholars is well known. And most importantly their
influence even extended to the Catholic Church. Allow me to
further explain that during the Italian Renaissance the family of
Cosimo de’Medici was the most powerful in all of Florence.
Cosimo de’Medici is one of the most influencial people
of the Italian Renaissance. He not only belongs in the
Renaissance Hall of Fame, but should have a place of honor.
To begin with the Medici family became important leaders of
the Italian City-state of Florence under Cosimo’s leadership
and guidance. Furthermore, the Medici’s family’s patronage of
artists and scholars is well known. And most importantly their
influence even extended to the Catholic Church. Allow me to
further explain that during the Italian Renaissance the family of
Cosimo de’Medici was the most powerful in all of Florence.
In Florence the Medici was one of the families involved
in banking and commerce. Under Cosimo’s leadership he
increased the family’s great wealth and influence acquired by
his father Giovanni. He did not pursue luxury or excess, but
rather government involvement which soon gave the family
control of the city-state. They would become the ruling dukes of
Florence by 1534, but the family was also interested in other
things.
Cosimo de’Medici is one of the most influencial people of
the Italian Renaissance. He not only belongs in the Renaissance
Hall of Fame, but should have a place of honor. To begin with the
Medici family became important leaders of the Italian City-state of
Florence under Cosimo’s leadership and guidance. Furthermore,
the Medici’s family’s patronage of artists and scholars is well
known. And most importantly their influence even extended to the
Catholic Church. Allow me to further explain that during the Italian
Renaissance the family of Cosimo de’Medici was the most
powerful in all of Florence.
Cosimo de’Medici also encouraged his family’s cultural
interests and patronage of artists and scholars. He invited
Michelangelo to stay at the family house, where he sculpted one
of his earliest works, a stone relief of a battle. The family would
also come to support another great artist, inventor, and scientist in
Florence, Leonardo da Vinci. He also sought to make his city-state
the most beautiful on the Italian Peninsula by encouraging
architects in the building of great libraries and marble buildings.
However, the family power and influence extends much farther.
Cosimo de’Medici is one of the most influencial people of
the Italian Renaissance. He not only belongs in the Renaissance
Hall of Fame, but should have a place of honor. To begin with the
Medici family became important leaders of the Italian City-state of
Florence under Cosimo’s leadership and guidance. Furthermore,
the Medici’s family’s patronage of artists and scholars is well
known. And most importantly their influence even extended to the
Catholic Church. Allow me to further explain that during the Italian
Renaissance the family of Cosimo de’Medici was the most
powerful in all of Florence.
Although Cosimo de’Medici was more interested in the
secular world around him, he did not neglect religion. He gave
huge sums of money to the building of churches and chapels.
In fact the Medici family chapel was one of the most beautiful in
all of Florence. The family knew the leader of the Roman
Catholic Church was the Pope and they eventually saw several
of its members become Pope: Pope Leo X, Pope Clement VII,
and Pope Leo XI. So the family’s power was felt not just in the
Italian city-states, but throughout Europe.
Cosimo de’Medici is one of the most influencial people of the
Italian Renaissance. He not only belongs in the Renaissance Hall of
Fame, but should have a place of honor. To begin with the Medici
family became important leaders of the Italian City-state of Florence
under Cosimo’s leadership and guidance. Furthermore, the Medici’s
family’s patronage of artists and scholars is well known. And most
importantly their influence even extended to the Catholic Church.
Allow me to further explain that during the Italian Renaissance the
family of Cosimo de’Medici was the most powerful in all of Florence.
Cosimo de’Medici lead the Medici the most important
family of the Renaissance. He was a government leader in his
city-state of Florence. He supported the artists Michelangelo and
Leonardo da Vinci. Even though he died in 1464 CE. his family
could eventually even count three Popes of the Roman Catholic
Church among its members. In a time when learning and
knowledge was highly valued and realistic art glorified the human
body, individual Renaissance men, like Cosimo stand out. He
deserves the place of honor to be the first elected into our
Renaissance Hall of Fame. Thank you for your support and your
kind attention.
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II A. Viking Adventurers
The Northern Seas 12-3
1. During the 700 CE. Scandinavia populations grew so quickly that the
land could not feed all the people.
2. Sagas, or adventure stories, tell of how each summer Vikings traveled
in their fast, narrow, flat-bottom longboats to steal food and other items.
3. Their boats were powered by a single sail and rowers so they could
attack at night or early morning. They killed all who fought and carried
off women & children to sell as slaves.
4. Later Vikings began to settle on the lands they attacked. This territorial
expansion, or adding of new lands, included Denmark, Iceland,
Greenland, and parts of Russia, England, France, Scotland, & Ireland.
B. The Rus
1. Early in the Viking Age raiders settled on the Baltic shore of present day
Latvia. They traveled inland to the Dnieper and Volga rivers in Russia
and set up the trading centers of Kiev & Novgorod.
2. Besides trading goods the Byzantine missionaries introduced them to
Christianity.
3. The Vikings (Rus) controlled North Seas trade until early 1200 CE.
when 200 Northern European towns formed Hansas, or cooperative
trading groups. Using wars and embargoes, or bans on trade, they the
kind of trade agreements they wanted. Eventually one the Hanseatic
League had the monopoly in the North Sea Trade
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