The Northern Renaissance
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Transcript The Northern Renaissance
The Northern
Renaissance
The Spread of Humanism
Printing Press (c. 1456)
Johann Gutenberg – spread of humanistic
literature to rest of Europe.
By 1480, 380 printing presses in Europe (1000
by 1500)
Christian Humanism
Attempted to find a balance between
religious and secular concerns
Rejected the “otherworldliness” of the
Middle Ages.
Emphasis on early church writings for
answers to improve society.
Christian Humanist Writers
Desiderius Erasmus
(Erasmus of
Rotterdam) (14661536) – In Praise of
Folly; most famous
intellectual of his
times, criticized the
church: “Erasmus lay
the egg that Luther
hatched”
Christian Humanist Writers
Thomas More
(1478-1536) –
Utopia – creates
ideal society on an
island; but to achieve
harmony and order
people have to
sacrifice individual
rights
Christian Humanist Writers
Jacques Lefevre d’Etables (1454-1536):
leading French humanist; produced 5 versions
of the Psalms that challenged a single
authoritative Bible.
Francesco Ximenes de Cisneros (14361517): reformed Spanish clergy and church,
Grand Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition
Northern Renaissance Arts
Low Countries (Dutch Republic,
Flanders and parts of Germany, etc)
produced especially important
artists.
Jan and Hubert Van Eyck
First successful use of oil painting
Worked mainly in Ghent,
Belgium.
Jan Van Eyck- Adoration of the
Lamb
Jan Van Eyck – Arnolfini Marriage
Peter Brueghel (1520-1569)
Focused on lives of ordinary
people.
Painted great landscapes
Also worked on religious subjects
Completed most of his work in
Antwerp and Brussels
Peter Brueghel – Peasant Wedding
Peter Brueghel – The Tower of Babel
Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)
German – foremost
northern Renaissance
artist
Famous for woodcuts
and engravings.
Paintings include a
number of self
protraits
Albrecht Durer – The Last Supper
Hans Holbein the Younger (14971543)
Son of Gothic artist.
German painter who
studied in Italy
Painted portraits of
Erasmus, Thomas
More, King Henry
VIII, his wives, and
Mary Tudor
Hans Holbein – The Ambassadors
Hans Holbein – Henry VIII
Domenikos El Greco (1541-1614):
painter: mannerism
Vernacular Writers
France
Francois Rabelais’ (1494-1553)
Gargantua and Pantagruel
Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)
Essays relativist in religion and
morality
Vernacular Writers
England
Edmund Spenser
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Jonson
Vernacular Writers
Spain
Miguel de Cervantes
Felix Lope de Vega