Transcript Renaissance - mrrobinson.org

Renaissance
Period of rebirth in Europe that originated
in Italy and eventually spread to Northern
kingdoms. The years from 1330 to 1530
were marked by humanism and secularism.
Pg 338
Humanism
Pg 349
• Revival of the classics
• Use of old Latin and learning
Aristotle, Ptolemy, Galen, et cetera
Types of Humanism:
Humanism, Civic Humanism,
Northern/Christian Humanism
Key Humanists
Italian
Northern
• Petrarch (pg 349)
• Erasmus (pg 374)
• Bruni (pg 351)
• More (pg 375)
• Valla (pg 352)
• Facino (pg 352)
• Mirandola (pg 352)
• Machiavelli (pg 348)
Secularism
Pg 349
Secularism
“How beautiful is youth
How fast it flies away
Youths and maids-enjoy today
Of tomorrow, nothing is certain”
Lorenzo de’ Medici
I. Renaissance: General
A. Renaissance
– Cultural Rebirth
– Classical texts rediscovered and
emulated (Humanism)
– Began in Italy
– Northern Renaissance followed
B. High Renaissance in Italy
–1450-1530*
–Rome was center of artistic
innovation
–Popes commissioned
paintings,
sculptures,
and architecture
C. End of Renaissance in Italy
–Internal political turmoil in
Italian city-states (pg 344-346)
–Italy ravaged by foreign invaders
beginning in 1494 (pg 346-347)
–French then Spanish domination
–By 1530, city-states unable to
support artistic glories
Also…
–Exploration and colonization
Began
–Ended Mediterranean’s role
of European prosperity
–Spain emerged as the most
powerful
D. Northern Renaissance
–Artistic, humanist, and secular
renaissance attributes spread
North to France, Spain, and
England
–Elizabethan Age (1558-1603)
in England marked the end of
the Northern Renaissance
II. Renaissance: Economic
A. Black Death
• Hanseatic League (pg 339)
• Italian Recovery
B. Location: Mediterranean Sea
• Helped
• Turks a problem
C. Industries
• Wool
• Trade in luxuries: silk, glassware, gems
• Printing, metallurgy, mining
D. Florence: Center of Ren. until late
1400’s (pg 345)
•
•
•
•
Wool Trade
Medici Bankers
Medici declined in late 1400’s
Rome will take Florence’s place as leader
E. Internal warfare and outside
involvement in late 1400’s led to
decline of wealth and opportunity
F. Opening of the Atlantic in the late
1400’s and early 1500’s reduced
Mediterranean Sea as center of the
economic ‘trade’ world
G. Economic drain meant artistic
glories could no longer be
supported
III. Renaissance: Social
A. Social Classes (pg 341)
• Fundamental Structure (France):
 1st Estate (Clergy)
 2nd Estate (Nobility)
 3rd Estate (Commoner)
B. Italy experienced some
‘adaptations’
Popolo Grasso
“The Fat People”
Mediocri
“The Middling Sort”
Popolo Minuto
“The Little People”
Ritualized Etiquette
Distinguished the diverse levels of society
iIllustrissima
“Nothing in the world pleases me
more than your commands”
C. Characteristics of Nobility changed:
• Education important
• Certain skills and qualities expected
 The Courtier by Castiglione
 Virtú
D. Social Mobility among 3rd Estate
• Money economy allowed some social
movement (guild ‘hierarchy’)
• Serfs largely free in West Europe/Italy
• ‘Patricians’ (capitalistic enterprises)
consolidate wealth
E. Slavery (pg 342)
•
•
•
•
Serfs freed: want free labor…
Ethnicity of slaves varied
Practice grew unpopular in time
Dark-skinned Africans were a
curiosity, so many were kept as
slaves well after humanitarian
movements outlawed the practice
F. Renaissance family and the role of
Women (pg 342-344)
• Women did not enjoy a
‘Renaissance’
• Arranged marriages for economic and
political gain meant men sought
‘pleasure’ outside the home
 Prostitution/courtesans a necessary vice
• Women regulated to home-life and
prayer
 On Family by Alberti
Exception to the Rule:
Some women managed to find power/influence
(pg 346)
Battista Sforza
Isabella d’Este
(probably the most famous)
To some degree, high dollar courtesans
may be somewhat educated
IV. Renaissance: Politics
(Pgs 344-348)
A. Constitutional Oligarchies
B. Hereditary Despots
C. Special Committees
D. Military Ethos
E. Papal States
Van Eyck
Van Eyck
Mystic Adoration of the Lamb
Ghent Altar Piece
Botticelli: Birth of Venus
Van Eyck
Arnolfini
Wedding
Michelangelo’
s
David
Bottecelli
Leonardo daVinci