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Kaplan University NS 420: SPORTS NUTRITION UNIT 2: NUTRIENTS Objectives The Digestive System Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Minerals,Vitamins, Water Energy Case Study The Digestive System What is digestion? What is the purpose of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine? http://www.cic-caracas.org/departments/science/Topic5.php Carbohydrates There are 3 classifications of carbohydrates, what are their names and what are some food sources we commonly eat that contain them? What enzyme is secreted in the saliva to aid in breaking down carbohydrates? In which area of the body does a majority of carbohydrates break down? What are some enzymes that are secreted to break down certain carbohydrates? Carbohydrates Absorption can occur by 4 different methods: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Passive diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active transport Endocytosis How are carbohydrates transferred to cells? Fats What enzyme is secreted in the saliva to first break down fat? What enzyme is secreted in the stomach to further break down fat? What hormones are released in the small intestine to digest fats? Fats What are the names of the particles that transfer fats to cells? Please refer to Figure 2.13 on page 39 in your book for a great depiction of how fats are broken down Proteins What element makes protein different from the other macronutrients? What is the name of the building blocks that make up proteins? Where does the majority of protein digestion occur? What enzymes are secreted to aid in protein digestion? How are proteins transported to cells? Proteins So after breaking down proteins into amino acids, what happens next? Transcription: Specific instruction mRNA: Genetic set of instructions on how to make the protein Ribosomes: Build protein Translation: Ribosomes read mRNA segment and begin attaching amino acids together tRNA: Delivering mechanism to bring the sequence to the “protein construction site” Energy Metabolism What is this? Why is it important for us to tell our clients? Energy Metabolism What is the difference between the BMR and the RMR? There are 6 different classifications of energy, what is the form of energy humans rely on? What is the direct source of all biological processes coming from? Energy Metabolism http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/onlinebio/5_6.jpg Energy Metabolism What is the energy system for breaking down glucose? If there was no glucose available, what energy system would occur? What is the energy system for breaking down lipids? Energy Metabolism Aerobic ◦ Oxygen enriched ◦ What energy systems are aerobic? ◦ Provide some activities that are aerobic Anaerobic ◦ Oxygen depleted ◦ What energy systems are anaerobic? ◦ Provide some activities that are anaerobic Case Study Kay is an aspiring 800 meter track athlete, who has been reading various nutrition books and has discovered fats yield more energy than carbohydrates. In addition, she knows proteins are needed to recover muscles from training and can be used for energy. She is convinced her high fat, high protein and low carbohydrate diet is the best for her. Her coach disagrees with her and suggests she speak with a sports nutritionist. Questions: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Is Kay on the right track with her thinking of this diet? What energy system does the 800 meter event use? Is an energy dense fat diet better for Kay’s system? Explain why she should or should not follow this diet. Thoughts