Translation Notes 2015 - Liberty Union High School District
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Transcript Translation Notes 2015 - Liberty Union High School District
Section 8.5:
Translation
Translation:
The
process of
converting mRNA
into proteins.
Takes place on a
ribosome in the
cytoplasm.
The cytoplasm contains amino acids, tRNA, and
ribosomes, which are all needed for protein synthesis.
Q: What language does mRNA “speak?”
A: mRNA speaks in “codon”
Codon: A combination of 3 mRNA
nucleotides.
Every codon codes for a
specific amino acid.
Some code to “start”
and “stop” translation.
We use a Codon Chart
to translate.
Codon Chart
Start and
Methionine
You will be given a
Codon Chart…Glue
this into your
notebook!
tRNA
tRNA’s job = grab a free amino acid from
the cytoplasm and take it to the mRNA in
the ribosome to build a protein.
Q: How does tRNA know where to
take its amino acid?
A: tRNA has an anti-codon
that lets it find its spot on
the mRNA strand.
Anti-codon: A region of
tRNA consisting of 3
bases complementary to
the mRNA codon
(A with U, G with C)
This part shows mRNA coming
out of a nuclear pore after
transcription.
his part shows mRNA
onnected to two ribosomes.
his part shows tRNA picking up a free amino
cid, then bringing it to the mRNA & ribosome.
his part shows all of
he amino acids that
ave been “dropped
ff” by tRNAs and are
ow forming a protein
also known as a
olypeptide chain).
Steps of Translation:
Step
1: The start
codon (AUG) is
recognized by a
tRNA anticodon.
Step 2: A tRNA
anticodon binds to
an mRNA codon
and brings an
amino acid with it.
Step
3: tRNA anticodons keep binding to
mRNA codons, forming a chain of amino
acids to build a protein.
Step 4: This process ends when a stop
codon is reached.
Stop Codons: UAA, UAG, UGA
Now we’ll watch the last 2
minutes of this clip:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41
_Ne5mS2ls&feature=related
The finished chain of amino acids form a protein!
Final Result = chain of amino acids = Protein!
Proteins each have a
different amino acid
sequence.
They can be anywhere
from 50 to 30000
amino acids long.
They can be altered by
DNA mutations.
Summary
Place stars next to the most important concepts
or information in your notes.
Create a short summary of the three most
important concepts.
Share your stars and summaries with your elbow
partner.