Transcript Do NOW
Do NOW: What does this picture mean to you? There are two categories of compounds: •Organic •Inorganic •Substances that are formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements Most abundant compound on Earth is ___________ water •Elements have very different properties “actions/appearances” than the compounds that they form. H = Hydrogen = gas O = Oxygen = gas H2O = water = liquid • Are expressed through formulas 1. Chemical formulas 2.Structural formulas C12H22O11 C6H12O6 The attraction of atoms that cause element to form compounds •is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon and hydrogen •Found in all living things Examples •C6H1206 •CH4 •Is any member of a large class of chemical compounds of molecules that contain earths elements •Not capable of creating life, no combination makes life Examples •NaCl • H2 O •CO2 Compounds Organic Contains Carbon & Hydrogen always together! Example: C6H12O6 glucose (sugar) Inorganic Contains the earth’s element Example: H2O water Four Major Groups of Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Organic Compounds can combine to produce macromolecules!!! Macromolecules “giant molecules” that are made of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules. 1. Nucleic Acids Importance: stores cellular information in the form of a code Elements: C, H, O, N, P Subunits : Nucleotides Each nucleotide contains: Nitrogenous base Phosphorus 5 Carbon Sugar Examples: DNA and RNA Structural formula 2.Carbohydrates Building blocks: Monosaccharide's Aka simple sugars Chemical Formulas: C6H12O6 Glucose C12H22O11 Sucrose (table sugar) Ratio 1:2:1 Carbohydrate Functions Source of short term & long term ENERGY and FOOD STORAGE Carbohydrates come in many forms that are classified into three categories: Summary A sample of food containing one type of a large molecule was treated with a specific digestive enzyme. Nutrient tests performed on the resulting products showed the presence of simple sugars, only. Based on these test results, the original large molecules contained in the sample were molecules of…… STARCH! PART 2 In plants, simple sugars are least likely to be 1. 2. 3. 4. linked together to form proteins broken down into carbon dioxide and water used as a source of energy stored in the form of starch molecules ? 3.Lipids Building blocks : One Glycerol molecule and three Fatty Acid molecules Chemical Formulas: C57H110O6 C54H99O6 Ratio is greater than 1:2:1 Lipid Functions include energy storage, acting as structural components of cell membranes, insulation, and participating as important signaling molecules Lipids make up fats, oils and waxes Lipids can be found in butter, olive oil, peanut oil, cheese, milk, animal fat LIPIDS THAT ARE SOLID ARE CALLED FAT LIPIDS THAT ARE LIQUID ARE CALLED OIL Final Summary 1. How can determine a lipid by chemical formula? Greater than 2:1 ratio 2. How can we identify a carbohydrate by name? -OSE ending 3. What is the usual structural shape of a carbohydrate molecule? Ring shaped What substance could be represented by the letter X in the diagram below? 1. 2. 3. 4. carbohydrates ozone carbon dioxide water Organic compounds, such as proteins and starches, are too A to diffuse into cells. Proteins are digested into B and starches are digested into C. 1. 2. 3. 4. A-large, B-simple sugars, C-amino acids A-small, B-simple sugars, C-amino acids A-large, B-amino acids, C-simple sugars A-small, B-amino acids, C-simple sugars What substance could be represented by the letter X in the diagram below? 1. 2. 3. 4. carbohydrates ozone carbon dioxide water DO Now: Complete “Bio-Chem. recall” numbers 1-10 Homework: Bio-Chem. Review Sheet There are 20 different sorts of amino acid, each with slightly different properties Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids, and are often folded up into a ball shape. An 'average' protein has about 250 amino acids in its chain. How many different combinations are there of 250 amino acids? Although there are billions and billions of possible combinations, actually there are less than 100,000 used in the human body according to the best estimates of the scientists. •Structural component (most abundant organic material in the cell) •Cell communication (hormones) •Growth and repair •Control rate of chemical reactions (enzymes) •Immune defense (antibodies) •Energy source What are the most important Function of Proteins? 1) Structural Material (most abundant organic material within the cell) 2) Muscle Tissue 3) Enzymes - control chemical reactions w/in organisms 4) Cell communication (hormones, neurotransmitters) 5) Immune response (antibodies) 6) Growth and repair AIM: How are organic compounds created? Do Now: Using the following word combinations create one sentence for each. 1. Organic compound, carbon, element 2. Carbohydrates, building blocks, monosaccarhides 3. Lipids, energy, fats, oils How are organic compounds created? CHEMICAL REACTION The formation of or breaking of chemical bonds, usually represented by a word or chemical equation. Na + Cl NaCl H2 + N 2 NH3 Reactants = found on the left of the equation Arrow = “to make”; shows a reaction is taking place Products = found on the right side of the equation. Na + Cl NaCl H2 + N 2 2NH3 1. Dehydration synthesis Combining small organic compounds (subunits) to produce large organic compounds with the loss of water. Examples of Disaccharides Sucrose = Fructose + Glucose Maltose = Glucose + Glucose Lactose = Glucose + Galactose Breaking a Large Compound into Smaller The reverse of dehydration synthesis!!! compounds by adding water Maltose + Water produces Glucose+Glucose 2 separate molecules of glucose & What is this process called? HYDROLYSIS