Transcript Chapter 14 RAD Guide

Chapter 14 RAD Guide
Friday, April 8, 2016
What is the difference between
macronutrients & micronutrients?
• Macro: provide the body with energy
• Micro: provide essential chemicals
What units do we measure macronutrients
energy in? What is 1 kcal equivalent to?
• Kilocalories
• 1 kcal = amount of energy needed to
raise 1 kg of H2O by 1oC
Describe the 4 major groups of
nutrients.
1. Carbohydrates: C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio
a.
b.
c.
d.
Simple: used quickly
Complex: long lasting energy
4kcal per gram
Fruits, veggies, grains
2. Protein: made of amino acids
a. Construction of muscles
b. 4kcal per gram
c. Meat, eggs, beans, tofu
3. Fats: 3 fatty acids attached to glycerol
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lipids
9kcal per gram
Saturated or Unsaturated
Meats, Oils, Butters
4. Vitamins & Minerals
a. Micronutrients
b. Minerals come from Earth
c. Fruits and vegetables
How many kcal’s does an average
human require per day?
• 2000-2800 kcal per day
How many people are chronically
hungry each year? How many people
die of starvation each year?
• 500 million people are hungry
• 13 million people die each year
What is malnutrition? Provide 2
examples.
• Lack of a specific type of nutrient
• Examples:
– Kwashiorkor (lack protein)
– Scurvy (lack Vit. C)
– Beri beri (lack Vit. B1)
– Rickets (Lack Vit. D)
– Goiter (Lack iodine)
What circumstances make it difficult
for neediest countries to improve
food production?
• Long drought, civil war, political stability
Describe 3 ways economics has
impacted production of food.
1. Green Revolution: 1960’s
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Developments of new strains of wheat &
rice to help developing countries
Resistant to disease, grow faster, survive
in variety of climates
Need a lot of water
Increase grains, decrease price
Expensive to plant
2. Cash Crops: crops grown for purpose
of selling
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Poor farmers can’t sell crops to other poor
people in country
Choose to export for $
Grown for government to buy weapons &
support political leaders
3. Food From Water
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Aquaculture: commercially grown food in
controlled water environment
Fresh or salt water
Reduce the overfishing of oceans
Produces 21 million metric tons
 Oceans provide 100 million metric tons
without damage
 Problem: world is taking 95+million metric
tons
Explain how agriculture historically
has been a labor-intensive job.
• Prepare soil, plant seeds, maintaining
crops, harvesting all by hand
What changed in middle of 20th
century for agriculture?
• Equipment became powered by fossil
fuels
How has industrialized agric. had a
positive impact on food production? A
negative impact on environment?
• Able to feed 5 people in 1850 per farmer;
now able to feed 78 people after
industrialized agriculture
• Requires a large amount of energy,
pesticides, and fertilizers
Has environment adapted to use of
chemical such as pesticides? Why or
why not?
• Yes, because some bugs became
resistant to pesticides
What is monoculture farming? Does
this have a positive or negative impact
on environment?
• Grow 1 or 2 crops that get highest prices
• Negative: can get same disease, soil
becomes depleted from nutrients
Why is quinoa considered “mother
grain” by Incas of South America?
• High in protein, good balance of amino
acids, & grows well in mountainous
areas
What has the need to remain competitive
in global market done to environment?
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Soil erosion
Deforestation
Hunger
War
Desertification
Environmental damage
What is sustainable agriculture?
Describe 3 main components.
1. Crop Rotation: changing your crops
on a regular cycle
a. Prevents soil from becoming depleted of
nutrients
2. Reduce Erosion
a. Careful irrigation & soil management
i.
Drip irrigation
b. Reduce tillage
3. Pest Management
a. IPM: integrated pest management
b. Use natural predators to control pest
i. Bats
ii. Lady bugs