Transcript Food and nutrition security through sustainable integrated

Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development
EASTERN REGION
Eastern Region of India
 West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar and Jharkhand
 107 districts
 22% to the total population
 2.5% to the TGA of India
 1455 Blocks
 21,818 panchayats
Eastern region : At a Glance
Jharkhand
Orissa
West
Bengal
Bihar
Geographic area (in 79,714
sq km)
1,55,707
88,752
94163
Populations
2,69,09,428
36,804,660
80176197
82878796
Population Density
338 per/sq Km 236 per/sq km
903/sq km
880/sq km
ST
28%
22%
5.4%
16%
SC
12%
16.5%
23%
1%
Rainfall
>900mm
>1000mm
>1000mm
>1000mm
BPL%
54%
47.15%
27.02%
42.6%
Agro-climatic Zones
Land use
Categories/ states
West Bengal
Orissa
Bihar including
Jharkhand
Total geographical area (in 000
hectares)
8875
15571
17388
Reporting area for land cultivation
8696
15571
17330
Forests
1195
5606
2949
Not available for cultivation
1659
1456
3390
Permanent pasture and grazing land
8
534
107
Land under misc. trees crops and
groves
80
774
337
Culturable wasteland
50
445
353
Fallow land other then current fallow
29
336
962
Current fallows
212
452
1895
Net sown area
5463
5968
7337
Agro ecological regions
Rainfall (mm)
Potential
Evapotranspiration
Length of
Growing period
(in days)
Other features
South Bihar PlainHot, Dry Sub
humid
1000-1200
1300-1500
150-180
•Salinity
•Alkaline ground water
Chottanagpur
plateau and
Garhjat hills-Hot,
dry ,moist & subhumid
1200-1500
1400-1600
180-210
•Low productivity
•Deficiency of micronutrients
•Phosphorus fixation
•Low productivity
•Severe erosion
•Un-bunded uplands
•Soil gravelliness
Eastern ghats, hot
moist-sub humid
1200-1600
1400-1700
180-210
•Severe erosion
hazard
•P fixation
•Deficiency of micro
nutrients
AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE VII- EASTERN PLATEAU & HILLS REGION
•
Development of suitable crop, livestock mixed farming system
technology.
• Integrated watershed management involving water harvesting , pond,
recycling for production of crops for drylands in the zone.
• Developing of suitable technology for increasing production of dryland
fruits.
• Development of suitable agroforestry and farming system based on livestock
and crops specially for small and marginal farmers of the region
AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE IV- MIDDLE-GANGETIC PLAIN REGION
• Developing suitable farming systems for heavy soils
• Development of suitable cultivation technology for paddy–wheatmaize system.
• Specific research efforts on magnesium action dominated soil salinity
problems of the region
Jharkhand- Overview
 Lowest on Social Development Index (0.01 – 0.3)
 Lowest on infrastructure development index (0.01- 0.1).
 Per capita net production of cereals for India is 523 gms/day. Whereas
in Jharkhand the per capita production is 230 gms/day which is lower
than 318.40 gms/day which is the per capital availability in Bihar
 The productivity of the crops in Jharkhand is below the national
average with respect to cereals and oilseeds.
 The current level of productivity is very low and is about 0.98 tones
per Ha with the lowest productivity in the agro climatic zone five
(0.72 tones/Ha)
 The average yield of paddy and wheat, the two major crops of kharif
and Rabi seasons varies between 9-12 q/ha compared to national
average of 23.3 q for paddy and 18.7 q/ha
Livelihood basket
 Private land
 Food security from agriculture (partial mostly)
 Income from Mahua, Lac, Karanj, char and mango etc
 Income from Forest
 NTFP and sale of firewood
 Tubers and roots for food
 Income/support from Common Property Resource
 Income from livestock
 Wage Labour
 Local
 Migration
Weak links in the livelihood basket
 Low agricultural productivity
 Practice of subsistence agriculture under adverse
and risky conditions
 Poor soil and water resource condition
 Lack of access to inputs
 Poorly/ non managed CPR
Leading to
 High incidence of wasteland and severe rural
poverty
Problem Tree
FOOD
SECURITY
Agriculture
Forest
Livelihood
Govt.
Entitlements
Service /
Business
Livestock
Wage
Labour
AGRICULTURE
MONOCROPPING
TOPOGRAPHY
INSUFFCIENT
AGRICULTURE
PRODUCTION
DEFAULT CROP
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
EROSION
SMALL LAND
HOLDING
POOR SOIL
CONDITION
CREDIT
AVAILABILITY
DYFUNCT PDS
SYSTEM
RAINFED
AGRICULTURE
ERRATIC
RAINFALL
LESS WATER
HARVESTING
STRUCTURES
AND
MANAGEMENT
FAMILY SIZE
RECURRING
DROUGHT
UNBUNDED
UPLANDS
INSUUFFCIENT
NUTRIENT
APPLICATION
INSUFFICIENT
ORGANIC
MANURE
REDUCING
NUMBER OF
CATTLE
POPULATION
UNAWARE ABOUT
THE ALTERNATIVES
FOR MANURING
UNAWARE
ABOUT BEST
AGRICULTURE
PRACTICE SHIFT FROM
DRYLAND CROPS
TOWARDS
WATER
INTENSIVE
CROPS
FOREST
LESS
AVAILABILITY
FUELWOOD
DEPENDENTS
INCREASED
DECREASE IN
FOREST COVER
NO
CONSERVATION/
PLANTATION PLAN
LESS
AVAILABILITY
NTFP
LESS
AVAILABILITY
FODDER
LESS
AVAILABILITY
FOOD
FOREST FIRE
LOSS OF
DIVERSITY
POOR
IMPLEMENTATION
OF FRA
LIVESTOCK
SMALL RUMINANT
INSUFFCIENT CARE
BIG RUMINANT
INSUFFICIENT
AVAILABILITY OF FEED
AND FODDER
INCIDENCE OF
EPIDEMICS
LOW PRODUCTIVE
CAPACITY
FOREST DEPLETION
HIGH MORTALITY
RATE
DECREASING
COMMON LAND
AREA FROM THE LENS
Topography and Cropping system
System
deg. Upl
Soil
Rocky,loa SL with
my sand gravel
SL, Sclay SL
Loam
Soil
depth
shallow
shallow
Shallow oderate
moderate moderate
deep
Avaiable
soil
moisture
150-175
mm
200-225
mm
200-225
mm
225-250
mm
250-275
mm
300-375
mm
Fertility
low
low
medium
low
Low to
medium
Med. To
high
Cropping
system
Deg.
Forest,
not
cultivated
Fallow
Gora,
minor
millets
Double,ri
ce,maize,
potato,ve
getable
Mono,
ricemedium
duration
Monorice- long
duration
Monorice-long
duration
Erosion,
water
scarcity
Small
Lack of
plot, lack water
of IP&NM
Lack of
water
Poor
drainage
Problems Erosion,
drought
Upl tanr
Upl badi
Mid- upl
Mediumla Low land
nd
Sclay
loam
Clay
loam
APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES
 Staggered trench
 Upland treatment (30’ x 40’ Model)
 Medium land treatment (5% Model)
 Home stead land (Hapa)
 Small Dug well
 Tank renovation/excavation
 Micro lift irrigation
Staggered Trench after treatment
Checked Soil Erosion & Run off Water
Improve Moisture and Soil Fertility
Converted into Productivity Land
Checked Soil Erosion
Increased Moisture in the Upland Area
Increasing Fertility In The Land
Converted Into Agricultural Land
Checked The Run off Water
Assure Mixed Cropping
SABAI CULTIVATION
Assured Paddy Cultivation
Transplanting Paddy in Proper Time
Irrigation In Dry Spell
Pisciculture in the Pit
Increased Ground Water
Assured Second Crop Cultivation
Checked Run Off Water
Increase in Production
Drought Coping Mechanisms
 Crop diversification
 Varietal diversification
 Storage of food and seeds
 Livelihood diversification
Country
State
District Name
Geographical
location and
coverage
Total no of
population
and HH of
target villages
No of HH
covered
Selection criteria –why was
the area selected
INDIA
BIHAR
Gaya / Nawada
South Bihar,
Magadh Region
2700
300
DPAP district, Dalit & Maha
dalit concentration, Dryland
agriculture prospect
WEST BENGAL
Purulia
Western region
of West Bengal
3750
750
DPAP district, Dalit & Maha
dalit concentration, Dryland
agriculture prospect
JHARKHAND
Ranchi
South
Chotanagpur
2700
300
Moderately Secure
Hazaribag
North
Chotanagpur
North
Chotanagpur
3750
750
Moderately Secure
1200
300
Moderately Secure
1800
1800
300
300
Very Insecure
Moderately Secure
1250
250
Very Insecure
1250
250
Insecure
2500
2500
25200
500
500
4500
Insecure
Extremely Insecure
Ramgarh
West Singhbhum
Khunti
South
Chotanagpur
Gumla
South
Chotanagpur
Lohardaga
South
Chotanagpur
Giridih
Santhal Pargana
Sahebganj
Santhal Pargana
TOTAL
FOOD SECURITY OUTCOME (FSO) STATUS
Based on Food security atlas of Rural Jharkhand by UNFP & IHD
Secure
Moderately
Secure
Insecure
Very
Insecure
Extremely
Insecure
Bokaro
Ranchi
Godda
Chatra
Sahibganj
Dhanbad
Deoghar
Lohardaga
Palamu
Garhwa
East
Singhbhum
Hazaribag
Pakur
West
Singhbhum
Ramgarh
Koderma
Gumla
Khunti
Dumka
Giridih
Result 1:
 Farm level action
 Need to further break it according to land type
 Upland- Mostly acidic(jharkhand), field bunding, bringing more
area under dryland crops millets, pulses, oilseeds and maize
 Mixed cropping
 Increase in biomass cultivation on denuded uplands
 Green manuring crops on uplands and field bunds
 Nitrogen fixing crops
 Mediumland
 Need to promote medium duration crop
 System of rice intensification
 Nitrogen fixing crops on residual moisture
 Lowland
Action for promoting Food security
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Need to propagate multiple compost systems
Nutritional garden in the BADI upland
Vegetable cultivation through micro irrigation
Documentation of present diversity and practices
Group farming
Grain bank and seed bank
Promotion of Poultry and small ruminants
Action Research to be undertaken to screen potential local
varieties( as per tillering potential, drought resistance, pest
resistance and productivity)
 Action research for introducing some principles of
intensification in pulses and millets
Actions for Food security…
 Green manuring and fodder shrubs and trees on field bunds
 IPM and INM practices module for different crop type needs to be






developed( use of self cultivated and forest produce, mahua cake,
neem cake, karanj cake, kusum cake, mustard cake for nutrient
management)
Mulching and minimum tillage practices will be used to make
maximum use of residual moisture after kharif crop
Soil testing needs to be done for better nutrient management
Action research on a contiguous patch of 25-30 acres in each agroclimatic sub-zone.
Crops for upland- Pulses, maize, millets( finger millet, kodo, kutki,
gondli
Productivity low- 0.3 to 0.6 t/ha oilseeds; 0.4 t/ha to 0.6 t/ha (millets);
0.5 to 1 t/ha pulses higher for maize 1.3t/ha
Lac cultivation
Community Farming in Siyari
THANKING YOU