Transcript Types of Fatty Acids

Lipids (fats)
 Main Function: long-term energy storage
2
Fats/
oils
Which are made of
 Special Feature: contain more energy per gram than
3
4
any other biological
molecule (9 cal/g)
Nucleic acids
 Groupings:
Mostly C and H Proteins
atoms (hydrocarbons)
(e.g.,
DNA/RNA)
Which
made
of
 Types:
1.are
Fats
and
Glycerol &
3 Fatty Acids
which contain
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
main function
ENERGY
STORAGE
long-term
Which
are made of
oils 3.
Steroids
2. Phospholipids
Nucleotides
which contain
Carbon, hydrogen
oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
main function
Amino Acids
which contain
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen,
nitrogen,
main function
CATALYSIS
ENCODING
&
HEREDITARY
STRUCTURE
Plant oils (liquid @ room temp
INFORMATION
/SUPPORT
Animal fat (solid @ room
temp)
Structure of Lipids (fats)
1
2
3
Glycerol
Fatty acids
Glycerol
FA
FA
FA
= TG (Triglyceride)
Lipid droplet
TG TG
TG
TG TG
TG
Adipocytes (rat)
Courtesy of Dr. Ceddia – York University
Making and Breaking Lipids (fats)
Fats and oils are called triglycerides because of their structure
What functional groups are
present on the glycerol and
fatty acid molecules?
Ester linkage
Hydrolysis
Condensation
Synthesis
+ 3 H2O
Saturated
Unsaturated
Polyunsaturated
# of double bonds
between carbons
Orientation
State at Room Temp.
Origin
Which are better for
you?
Example
Types of Fatty Acids
Types of Fatty Acids
Poly Saturated Unsaturated
unsaturated
# of Double
Bonds
between
Carbons
None
(contains
maximum # of
H atoms)
At least one
double bond
between carbon
atoms
Several double
bonds
Types of Fatty Acids
Fewer hydrogens – “unsaturated”
Types of Fatty Acids
Poly Saturated Unsaturated
unsaturated
Orientation
Straight
of Fatty
chains
Acids
Kinks /
Kinks /
bends at
bends at
the double the double
bonds
bonds
Types of Fatty Acids
CH2-CH
BEND DUE
TO
DOUBLE
BOND
Types of Fatty Acids
Poly Saturated Unsaturated
unsaturated
Examples
butter,
lard
olive oil, vegetable oil,
peanut oil, canola oil
Types of Fatty Acids
Trans Fat
Taking a perfectly good fat and making it
bad!
Addition of hydrogen atoms to the acid, causing double
bonds to become single ones.
(unsaturated becomes saturated)
LDL
HDL
Phospholipids
 Fat
derivatives in which one fatty acid
has been replaced by a phosphate
group and one of several nitrogencontaining molecules.
 an important part of the cell membrane
(phospholipid bilayer)
Phospholipids
Nitrogen-containing
group
Phospholipids
The phospholipid can also be represented as:
Polar Head – hydrophilic
(water-loving)
Non-Polar Tails (fatty acids) –
hydrophobic (water-hating)
Steroids
Steroids consist of 4 fused carbon rings
Testosterone
Cholesterol
• Precursor for other steroids
• Component of animal cell membranes
• Contributes to atherosclerosis