Transcript Document
LIPIDS Characteristics of Lipids • Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen • More than 2 Hydrogens for each Oxygen • Includes fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, steriod hormones and cholesterol • Triglycerides are neutral fats. • Energy storage molecules • Triglycerides are 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol. A Triglyceride • 3 Tails of Fatty Acid are attached to One glycerol molecule. Triglyceride Fork-like shape: Glycerol A Representative Fatty Acid Saturated Fat • Saturated fats are solid at room temp. • All C-C bonds are single bonds. • Carbons are “saturated” with Hydrogens. Examples of Saturated Fat Unsaturated Fatty Acid Saturated Fatty Acid Unsaturated Fats/OIL • One or more C=C bond. • Less Hydrogen, some Carbons are unsaturated with H. • Liquid at room temp. • Oils Dehydration Synthesis of a Fat Phospholipid Facts • Polar Phospholipids make up most of a cell membrane • Made of a polar “head” with a + AND - charge • With 2 non-polar fatty acid tails A Phospholipid • A phosphate group • 2 Fatty Acids • Polar phosphate end is hydrophilic (water loving) • Non-polar lipid end is hydrophobic (water hating) Waxes • Plants make a waxy coating to protect leaves from drying out. • Bees make wax for a building material. Store honey and eggs in wax honey comb. Steroid Hormones • Cholesterol plus a special molecule called a “functional group”. • <<< Cholesterol. • Hormones are chemical messengers in the blood Examples of Steroids • Testosterone: male sex hormone • Progesterone and Estrogen: female sex hormones • Cortisone: regulates growth and body functions