Transcript Animal Contributions to Human Needs

Animal Contributions to Human
Needs
What animals are used for
production purposes?
SCIENCE

a process through which nature is
STUDIED, DISCOVERED, and
UNDERSTOOD.
Animal Science
 The
PROCESS through
which LIVESTOCK
ANIMALS are STUDIED and
UNDERSTOOD.
Animal Science
 Involves
BREEDING, feeding,
care and MANAGEMENT of
animals; MARKETING and
PROCESSING of animals and
their PRODUCTS based on
knowledge gained through
practical EXPERIENCE and
RESEARCH.
Domestication
 To
adapt an animal for
human use
Five requirements for
domestication
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1.The animal is VALUED and there are
clear PURPOSES for which it is kept.
2.The animal’s BREEDING is subject to
human control.
3.The animal’s SURVIVAL depends
upon humans.
Five requirements for
domestication
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4.The animal’s BEHAVIOR
(psychology) is changed in
domestication.
5.Morphological (STRUCTURAL)
characteristics have appeared which
occur rarely if at all in the wild.
Wild animal
 not
GENETICALLY altered
by artificial selection for use
by humans
 Example
Tame wild animal
a
wild animal that, through
intervention of man, has
adapted BEHAVIORALLY
so as to be useful to
humans.
 Example
Exotic animal
a
wild animal belonging to a
species whose historic native
range lies totally outside
NORTH AMERICA
 Example
Domestic animal
 an
animal that has been
genetically altered from the
original wild species for use
by humans through
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION
 Example
Feral animal
a
DOMESTIC animal that
lives in the WILD with no
human assistance
 Example
Feral population
a
REPRODUCING group of
FERAL animals
 Example
Species
a
group of closely related
animals that can
INTERBREED and produce
FERTILE offspring
 Example
Breed
 animals
of common ORIGIN
with characteristics that
distinguish them from other
groups within the same
SPECIES
 Example
Type
 animals
of the same
SPECIES that are grouped
together based on the
PRODUCTS they produce
 Example
Terms of Domesticated Animals
Cattle
 Species
 Bovine
Cattle
 Group
 Herd
Cattle
 Adult
 Bull
Male
Cattle
 Adult
 Cow
Female
Cattle
 Young
Male
 Bull Calf
Cattle
 Young
Female
 Heifer Calf
Cattle
 Newborn
 Calf
Cattle
 Castrated
Male
 Bullock or Steer
Cattle
 Offspring
w/Dam
 Calf at Foot or Suckling
Cattle
 Birthing
 Calving
Cattle
 Mating
 Serving
Sheep
 Species
 Ovine
Sheep
 Group
 Flock
Sheep
 Adult
Male
 Ram, Buck, or Tup
Sheep
 Adult
 Ewe
Female
Sheep
 Young
Male
 Ram Lamb or Buck Lamb
Sheep
 Young
Female
 Ewe Lamb
Sheep
 Newborn
 Lamb
Sheep
 Castrated
 Wether
Male
Sheep
 Offspring
 Suckling
w/Dam
Sheep
 Birthing
 Lambing
Sheep
 Mating
 Tupping
Goats
 Species
 Caprine
Goats
 Group
 Flock
or Band
Goats
 Adult
Male
 Buck or Billy
Goats
 Adult
Female
 Doe or Nanny
Goats
 Young
Male
 Buckling
Goats
 Young
Female
 Goatling
Goats
 Newborn
 Kid
Goats
 Castrated
 Wether
Male
Goats
 Offspring
 Suckling
w/Dam
Goats
 Birthing
 Kidding
Goats
 Mating
 Serving
Swine
 Species
 Swine
or Sus
Swine
 Group
 Drove
Swine
 Adult
 Boar
Male
Swine
 Adult
 Sow
Female
Swine
 Young
Male
 Boar Pig or Boarling
Swine
 Young
 Gilt
Female
Swine
 Newborn
 Pig,
Piglet, Pigling
Swine
 Castrated
Male
 Barrow, Stag, Hog
Swine
 Offspring
 Suckling
w/Dam
Swine
 Birthing
 Farrowing
Swine
 Mating
 Coupling
Poultry
 Species
 Gallus
Poultry
 Group
 Flock
Poultry
 Adult
Male
 Rooster, Cock
Poultry
 Adult
 Hen
Female
Poultry
 Young
Male
 Cockerel
Poultry
 Young
 Pullet
Female
Poultry
 Newborn
 Chick
Poultry
 Castrated
 Capon
Male
Poultry
 Offspring
w/Dam
 Clutch, Brood
Poultry
 Birthing
 Hatching
Poultry
 Mating
 Covering
Horse
 Species
 Equine
Horse
 Group
 Herd,
Band, etc.
Horse
 Adult
Male
 Stallion or Stud
Horse
 Adult
 Mare
Female
Horse
 Young
 Colt
Male
Horse
 Young
 Filly
Female
Horse
 Newborn
 Foal
Horse
 Castrated
 Gelding
Male
Horse
 Offspring
w/Dam
 Suckling or Foal at Side
Horse
 Birthing
 Foaling
Horse
 Mating
 Serving
Functions of Livestock
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Food
Clothing
Power
Recreation
Food
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Meat
Eggs
Milk
Honey
Clothing
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Wool
Leather
Hair/Fur
Feathers
Power
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Horses
Mules, Donkeys, Burros
Llamas, Alpacas
Oxen, Water buffalo, reindeer, yak,
camels
Recreation
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Pleasure Horses
Purebred Herds and Flocks
Livestock Exhibitions, Shows, Rodeos
Horse Racing
Mainstream Domestic Animals
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Dairy Cattle
Beef Cattle
Sheep (Wool, Meat, Dairy)
Swine
Goats (Mohair, Milk, Meat, Cashmere)
Horses, Mules, Donkeys, etc
Poultry
Non-Traditional Domestic
Animals
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Ostrich & Emu
Deer and Elk
Bison
Aquaculture
Llamas and Alpacas
Alligators
Rare Breeds of Domestic Animals
Types of Livestock
Cattle
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Beef Type
Dairy Type
Dual Purpose
Multi-Purpose
Sheep
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Wool type
– Fine
– Medium
– Long
– Colored
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Meat or Mutton type
Dual Purpose
Dairy Type
Swine
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Lard Type
Bacon Type
Meat Type
Horses
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Draft Type
Racing
Ranch Work/Stock Horse
Trotting
Pacers
Poultry
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Eggs (Layers)
Meat (Broilers)
Ornamental
Cock Fighting
Why Farmers Use Livestock
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Converts feed to meat; feed generally
brings more money when marketed
through livestock
Utilizes labor the year around
Allows for greater production capacity
and increases opportunity for making
profits
Helps maintain fertility of the land
Why Farmers Use Livestock
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May more fully utilize capital, machinery
and wasteland (range).
Utilizes roughage that can’t readily be
sold (poor hay, corn stalks, straw, etc.)
Diversifies that farm and/or ranch
Personal satisfaction of working with
domesticated animals
Animal Protein
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Animal proteins are superior to
vegetable proteins for humans
Animal proteins have improved amino
acid balance over vegetable protein
Producing animals for meat, mike, eggs,
etc. is not as efficient as compared to
cereal grains produced for humans
alone
Ruminants
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Have a four compartment stomach
Can digest roughages
Manufacture essential amino acids and
energy
Examples include:
– Cattle
– Sheep
– Goats
Non-ruminants (Monogastric)
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Have a single compartment stomach
Need supplementary sources of amino
acids and vitamins
Examples include:
– Swine
– Poultry
– Horses
Contributions to Food Needs
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Vegetarianism -- started in India, due to
long-term population pressure and
scarcity of feed and forage for animals - also religious concerns; all life is
sacred.
Rising Population Pressures -particularly in developing regions force
people to consume foods of plant origin
Contributions to food Needs
Classification:
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
% Animal
Dietary
Energy
% Animal
Protein of
Total Protein
25
7
55
21
Contributions to Food Needs
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Meat -- is important in diet; excellent
balance of amino acids, vitamins and
especially Vitamin B12
Milk -- approximately 90% of milk for
human consumption in the world comes
from cattle
Over 85% of the world population
desires food of animal origin
Beef Cattle Production
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Texas
Kansas
Nebraska
Oklahoma
California
Utah’s Rank 28th
Dairy Cattle Production
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California
Wisconsin
New York
Pennsylvania
Michigan
Utah’s Rank 25th
Sheep Production
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Texas
California
Wyoming
Colorado
South Dakota
Utah’s Rank 7th
Goat Production
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Texas
New Mexico
Arizona
Oklahoma
California
Utah’s Rank ?
Swine Production
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Iowa
North Carolina
Michigan
Illinois
Indiana
Utah’s Rank 20th
Poultry Production (L)
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California
Ohio
Indiana
Pennsylvania
Iowa
Utah’s Rank 33rd
Poultry Production (B)
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Arkansas
Georgia
Alabama
North Carolina
Mississippi
Utah’s Rank ??
Turkey Production
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North Carolina
Minnesota
Arkansas
Missouri
California
Utah’s Rank 14th
# of Farms and Ranches
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Texas
Missouri
Iowa
Kentucky
Minnesota
Utah’s Rank 36th
Land in Farms/Ranches
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Texas
Montana
Kansas
Nebraska
New Mexico
Utah’s Rank 28th Utah’s Rank in
Other Areas
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Mink Production 2nd
Trout Production 6th
Honey Production 24th
A. Farming/Ranching
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Manager
Foreman
Herdsman
Research
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Production
Processing
Marketing
New equipment and use
Industry
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Food processing
Pesticides and Herbicides
Feed Manufacturing
Dairy Processing
Business
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Agricultural Banking
Farm Management
Grading and Packaging
Marketing
Education
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Agriculture extension
specialist
Agricultural education
instructor
College instructor
Governmental
agencies
Communications
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Farm reporting
Market reporting
Radio
Television
Service
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Inspection and
regulation
Plant and animal
quarantine
Foreign service
Agriculture
consultant
Veterinary
Regulatory Agencies
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FDA—Food and Drug Administration
which must approve applications to
investigate new animal drugs and feed
additives.
EPA—Environmental Protection Agency
which issues permits for some
experiments involving animal health
product testing.
Regulatory Agencies
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USDA—United States Department of
Agriculture which reviews research
plans for vaccines or other animal
biologicals.
FSIS—Food Safety and Inspection
Service of the USDA which randomly
tests slaughtered animals to ensure that
meat is free of illegal residues.