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THE FARM
Presentation by: Karen Membreno
THE ANIMALS
(click on the animal)
HORSE
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HORSE
Horses are large, strong animals with hoofs and a long mane and tail. People use
horses for riding. Horses are also used to carry heavy loads or pull wagons,
carriages, plows, or other implements.
They are large, fast-running mammals that live in family groups on grasslands.
They eat grasses; they are nomadic herbivores. Racehorses can gallop at up to
about 42 miles per hour (mph ), (68 kph) in short bursts in order to escape from
predators. The horse's life span is about 20-35 years. Horses were first
domesticated by people in Asia 5,000 to 6,000 years ago. There are about 200
domesticated (not wild) breeds of horses. The earliest-known horse is the tiny
Eohippus (Hyracotherium).
Names: An adult female horse is called a mare, the adult male is called a
stallion. A foal is a horse not yet one year old; a colt is a young male and a filly
is a young female. A gelding is a sterilized male horse. A pony is a small horse,
less than 58 inches (146 cm) tall at the shoulder. Horses are closely related to the
zebra and donkey. Mules and hinnies are the offspring of donkeys and horses.
Anatomy: Horses have hoofed feet. The hooves and teeth continue to grow
throughout the horse's life. Horses have a narrow, flowing mane. They have large
nostrils that let them get lots of air quickly. Large eyes and ears help the horse
detect predators early, allowing it to run away. The heaviest horse is the Belgian
(up to 3,150 lb,1400 kg), a draft (working) horse; the tallest is the Percheron (7 ft
tall), another draft horse. The lightest and smallest is the Miniature Horse, a type
of pony.
Sleeping: Horses sleep standing up, but if they feel safe, they will sleep lying
down.
COW
Names: Cows are often called cattle. The adult female is called
a cow. The adult male is called a bull. A baby is called a calf.
Cattle are farm animals with thick skin and hoofed feet. Cattle
were domesticated (tamed from wild animals) thousands of
years ago. They are farmed for their milk, meat, hides (leather),
and many other products, like cheese, cream, gelatin, glue,
soap, and many other products. In some parts of the world,
cattle are still used to pull plows and carts. There are still some
wild cattle (like the gaur and banteng) living in Asia.
Anatomy: Cattle vary in color from white, black, brown to tan.
Milk is produced in the female's udders. Cattle use their long
tail to keep insects off their back. Some cattle have horns,
others do not.
Diet: Cattle are herbivores (plant-eater) that graze on grass
and leaves. They are ruminants, animals that have a four-part
stomach. Cattle swallow their food without chewing it very
much. They later regurgitate a cud and chew it well, later
swallowing it.
PIG
Pigs are very adaptable animals that eat many different foods and live
in a variety of environments. Pigs were domesticated (tamed from
wild animals) thousands of years ago. They are farmed for their meat
and hides (leather). There are still many wild pigs, like the wild boar,
the warthog, and the bushpig. Pigs are found on every continent on
Earth except Antarctica.
Names: Pigs are also called hogs or swine. The adult female is called
a sow. The adult male is called a boar. A baby is called a piglet.
Anatomy: Pigs vary in color from brown, black, white, to pinkish.
Some wild pigs have large tusks, overgrown teeth used for fighting
and digging for food.
Diet: Pigs are omnivores (eating plants and meat). They eat a variety
of plants and small animals (like worms and snakes).
SHEEP
Sheep are mammals with thick, woolly fur, and hoofed feet. Sheep were
domesticated (bred to be tame) about 10,000 years ago. Domestic (tame)
sheep are farmed for their wool, meat and milk. There are also many types of
wild sheep; they are closely related to wild goats. In 1997, a sheep named
"Dolly" was the first animal cloned (grown from a cell from another adult
animal, making a genetically exact copy of the original animal).
Names: An adult female sheep is called an ewe; an adult male is called a ram.
Babies are called lambs.
Anatomy: Sheep range from about 2 to 4 ft (0.6 to 1.3 m) tall at the shoulder.
Some types of sheep have horns, which are often curved. The horns grow
throughout the life of the sheep.
Diet: Sheep are herbivores (plant-eater) that graze on grass, leaves, twigs,
and young plants.
Donkeys are large, hoofed mammals that live in family groups on grasslands.
Also called asses, these pack animals eat grasses, shrubs, and other desert
plants; they are nomadic herbivores. Donkeys live for about 30 to 50 years in
captivity, and about 10 to 25 years in the wild. They have a loud, distinctive
braying voice that sounds like "hee-haw."
Names: An adult female donkey is called a jenny or jennet, the adult male is
called a jack. A jack foal is a young male and a jennet foal is a young
female. The donkey is closely related to the zebra and the horse. Mules and
hinnies (usually infertile) are the offspring of donkeys and horses.
Anatomy: Donkeys have tough hooves on their feet; they are tougher than
horse hooves and do not need to be shod (fitted with shoes). The hooves and
teeth continue to grow throughout the donkey's life. Donkeys have long,
coarse fur. The donkey's brain, eyes, and ears are larger than those of horses.
Donkeys range in size from 38 to 63 inches (97-160 cm) tall at the shoulder.
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BIRDS
Baby chick: cute,
furry, and it’s born
from an egg.
BIRDS
ROOSTER: father to the baby chick. It is
usually the alarm clock at the farm as it awakes
all others with his cock-o-doodle-doo song.
The crest above his head and under his chin
distinguishes him from the hen.
BIRDS
HEN: Mother to the baby chick. The
hen lays the egg.
BIRDS
Ducks are common water birds. Most domestic (farm) ducks were bred from
mallards. The adult female duck is called a hen, the adult male is called a
drake, and the young are called ducklings. Breeds: The Pekin Duck is a
common farm duck. The ducklings are bright yellow; adults are white. They
were brought to America from China in the 1870's. Another popular farm duck
is the Rouen duck, which was originally from France; this duck still has
mallard-like coloring. The Muscovy is another popular farm duck; this
American breed has dark feathers.
Diet: Ducks have a varied diet. They eat insects, worms, frogs, snails, slugs,
small shellfish, grasses, and other plants.
The Border Collie is a hard-working, herding dog that was originally from
the British Isles. It is an intelligent and fast-moving farm dog. This energetic
and dedicated collie efficiently rounds up sheep for farmers. Although the
border collie, like all dogs, is a descendant of the wolf (which is a natural
predator of sheep), the border collie does not attack the sheep.
Anatomy: The Border Collie Dog is a medium-sized dog, usually black and
white, sometimes with tan markings. It is almost 2 ft (60 cm) tall at the
shoulders.
DOG
C
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Cats are small, tame, furry mammals that are
often kept as pets and farm animals. There are
over 30 different breeds of tame cats, with
different body shapes and sizes, coloring, fur
length, eye color, tail length, voice, and
temperament. House cats do not enjoy
swimming. Cats were domesticated over
7,000 years ago.
Diet: Even tame cats are fast, effective
hunters. They are carnivores (meat-eaters).
Cats will kill and eat small mammals, birds,
fish, frogs, lizards, and snakes. On farms, cats
help reduce the vermin population (rats, mice,
and other small, destructive animals). Cats use
their acute sight and hearing to catch prey.
They swallow large bites of meat without
chewing it. Cats are primarily nocturnal
(most active at night). They have very good
night vision.
Anatomy: Cats are graceful animals that have
a rounded face. They have a sand-papery
tongue and needle-like teeth. Their skeleton is
extremely flexible.
RABBIT
Rabbits are fast-moving, big-eared mammals. There are about 25 different
species of rabbits. They live in a variety of environments, including deserts,
swamps, marshes, forests, grasslands, and prairies. Rabbits are found on
every continent except Antarctica.
Most rabbits live for about a year in the wild. They are hunted by dogs,
foxes, raccoons, weasels, bobcats, lynxes, hawks, and eagles. They have a
fast reproductive rate.
Anatomy: Rabbits range in size from 1 to 2 feet (30 to 60 cm) long. They
have very big and powerful hind legs which they use for hopping and for
digging burrows.
Diet: Rabbits are herbivores (plant-eaters). They eat grass, leaves, bark,
and twigs.
GOAT:
The Goat is a hoofed mammal that lives in mountainous regions of
southwestern Asia, northwestern North America, and Europe. The female goat
is called a nanny or a doe, the male is called a buck or a billy, and the young
are called kids. Goats are closely related to sheep.
Goats were domesticated (tamed) at least 10,000 years ago in Iran. Goats are
bred for their meat, wool, and milk. Goats have a life span of 9 to 12 years in
the wild.
Anatomy: Goats are sure-footed animals who have a rough pad on the bottom
of their two-toed hooves. They have a long, thick, furry coat that protects them
from the cold. Goats range from about 17 to 42 inches (43 to 107 cm) tall at
the shoulder. Both male and female wild goats have beards and pointed black
horns.
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