Transcript Biology II Lab Practical Review

Biology II
Lab Practical Review
Part I
Last updated 11-29-07
Review Content
This review is intended to reflect the
general material as presented in the lab
documents and does not take into account
specific emphases that individual professors
may or may not stress. Always check with
your professor for any clarifications.
Geologic Time-line
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What are the current hierarchical set of divisions for describing
geologic time, going from larger to smaller units.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
Period, Era, Epoch, Eon
Era, Epoch, Eon, Period
Eon, Era, Period, Epoch
Epoch, Period, Era, Eon
Answer: c
In the Paleozoic Era is the Carboniferous Period before or after
the Permian Period?
Answer: Before: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian,
Carboniferous, Permian
Martin, R. Aidan. 2003. Copyright and Usage Policy.
World Wide Web Publication, www.elasmo-research.org/copyright.htm
Half Life
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Assume a half life is 5,730 years.
A fossil has 1/16 the Carbon 14 compared to
when it was living.
How many half lifes have occurred?
Answer: (½)n where n = the number of half
lifes. ½ x ½ x ½ x ½ = 1/16 = four half lifes.
What is the age of the fossil?
Answer: 5,730 yrs./half life x 4 half lifes =
22,920 yrs.
Baculites compressus
(Ammonite)
Crinoid
Fossil Identification
White Shark Tooth
Carcharodon sp.
Bear Claw (Ursa sp.)
Palaeocoma egertoni
Brittlestar
Amber
Archaeopteryx
Eurypterid
Fossil Lobster
Fossil Identification
Smilodon
Homo neandertalensis
(skull on left)
Fossil Fern
Horseshoe Crab
Ammonite
Fossil Identification
Priscacara oxyprion
Bony Fish
Bryozoan
Copralite
Copralite
Archimedes sp.
Methods for fossil dating
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Which are methods for determing fossil dating?
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Paleomagnetic dating
Rubidium-strontium dating
Flourine dating
Carbon 14 dating
Relative dating
d. and e.
All the above
Answer: g.
Fossilization Processes
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Otzi was a complete human preserved in a
glacier for over 5300 yrs. What type of
fossilization was this?
Answer: Freezing
Name five other types of fossilization.
Answer: Amber, Casts or Molds, Imprints,
Petrification, Tar Pits
Mechanisms of Evolution
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Name the five conditions necessary for Hardy-Weinberg to
occur.
Answer: Random mating, no natural selection, large
population sample, no mutations, no immigration or
emigration
125 students out of 500 have an unattached ear which is
recessive. Determine p, q, p2, q2 and 2pq.
Answer: 125/500 = .25 = q2
(.25)1/2 = .5 = q
.5 + p = 1 1- .5 = .5 = p
.52 = .25 = p2
2 x .5 x .5 = .5 = 2pq
Genotype vs. Phenotype
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Attached ears is a dominant trait. The
genotype for this is:
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
EE
Ee
ee
a or b
All of the above
Answer: d.
Taxonomy
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The Five Kingdom system, Monera, Protista,
Plantae, Fungi and Animalia, was changed to
the current Three Domain System. Name the
domains.
Answer: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Methanogens, extreme halophiles and extreme
thermophiles belong to which domain?
Answer: Archaea
Which is gram negative?
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Answer: One on the right
Which has more peptidoglycan in the cell wall?
Answer: One on the left
Peptidoglycan is made up of what?
Answer: Polymers of sugars and amino acids
Prokaryotic Cell Nutritional Modes
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What are the energy and carbon sources for a
photoheterotroph?
Answer: Light (energy) and organic compounds
(carbon)
Merismopedia
Gleocapsa
cocci - yogurt
Bacteria Identification
bacilli, cocci,
spirochete
Anabaena
Oscillatoria
Microscopes
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If the ocular lens is 10X and the objective lens
is 40X, then what is the total magnification?
Answer: (10X) x (40X) = 400X
The diameter of the FOV at 400X is what?
Answer: .45 mm
What is the size of a single cell in mm if it
takes 5 cells to fit across the diameter of the
FOV?
Answer: .45mm / 5 cells = .09mm/cell
Protista Tentative Clades
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DPEASCARC
Diplomonadida - Giardia lamblia
Parabasala - Trichomonas vaginalis (STD)
Euglenazoa - Kinetoplastids (Trypanosoma/sleeping sickness); Euglinids (Euglena)
Alveolata - Dinoflagellata (Ceratium/red tide); Apicomplexa (Plasmodium/malaria);
Ciliates (Paramecium)
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Stramenopila - Oomycetes (water molds, rusts, mildews); Bacillariophtes (diatoms);
Chrysophytes (golden algae); Phaeophytes (brown algae)
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Radiolarians – test (skeleton) made of silica with axopodia extending through
Cercozoa - diverse amoebas: Chlorarachniophytes, Foraminifera, slender plasma
strands
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Amoebazoa - lobed pseudopodia: Gymnamoeba, Entamoebas, cellular slime molds,
plasmodial slime molds
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Rhodophyta - red algae (Porphyra)
Chlorophyta - green algae (Ulva, Chlamydomonas, Volvox)
Protista ID
Giardia - Diplomonadida
Vorticella - Alveolata
Diatom – Stramenopila
Trypanosoma - Euglenazoa
Volvox - Chlorophyta
Diatom - Stramenopila
Stentor - Alveolata
Protista ID
Trichomonas vaginalis
Parabasala
Cercozoa - Radiolarians
Amoeba - Amoebazoa
Paramecium - Alveolata
Euglena - Euglenazoa
Plasmodium - Alveolata
Protista ID
Ceratium - Alveolata
Red Tide - Alveolata
Foraminifera - Cercozoa
Protista ID - Algae
Fucus – Brown
(Phaeophytes)
Stramenopila
Kelp – Brown
(Phaeophytes)
Stramenopila
Porphyra - Rhodophyta
Holdfast
Stipe
Float
Lamina/Blade
Ulva sp. - Chlorophyta
Plants I
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Seedless Non-Vascular Phylums - Name Them
Answer: Bryophyta
Hepatophyta
Anthocerophyta
Seedless Vascular Phylums – Name Them
Answer: Lycophyta
Pterophyta, which includes ferns,
Psilotum, horsetails (Equisetum)
Bryophyte Life Cycle
 What are the two gametangia below?
 Answer: Archegonium with egg (on left) and Antheridium with sperm
 Are they gametophyte or sporophyte?
 Answer: gametophyte
(on right)
Pterophyta Name the Phylum of each example.
Pterophyta
Pterophyta
Psilotum
Hepatophyta
Pterophyta
Equisetum
Bryophyta
Anthocerophyta
Lycophyta
Sporophyte
Sporophyte
What are the dominant generations of each
example?
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
Cycadophyta - male
Cycadophyta - female
Ginkgophyta
Plants II
What are the Phylums of each example?
Gnetophyta
Coniferophyta
Coniferophyta
Monocot
Eudicot
Monocot
Monocot or Eudicot?
Eudicot
Monocot
Monocot
Eudicot
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Identify which is the female ovulate cone and the male
staminate cone?
Answer: Ovulate cone on left; staminate cone on right
Are the pictures below sporophyte (2N) or gametophyte
(1N)?
Answer: Sporophyte (2N)
Flower Parts
Stamen
Carpel
Stigma
Style
Anther
Filament
Ovary
Ovule
Petal
Sepal
Pedicel
Receptacle