Transcript the science of weight loss - Beyond

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THE SCIENCE OF
WEIGHT
LOSS
Dr. Stacey Nottingham
DOES THE WORLD REALLY NEED ANOTHER
DIET?
• “Eat Pasta.” “Don’t eat pasta.”
• “Eat high fat.” “Eat low fat.”
• “Diets don’t work.” “This diet works.”
For every claim, a counterclaim comes back….
WHAT DO ALL THE DIET PLANS
HAVE IN COMMON?????
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Eat Right 4 Your Type: Peter D’Adamo, ND
The Fat Flush Plan: Ann Louise-Gittleman
Suzanne Somers’ Somersize: Suzanne Somers
Body for Life: Bill Phillips
The South Beach Diet: Arthur Agatson, MD
The Carbohydrate Addict’s Life Span Program: Rachael Heller, PhD and
Richard Heller, PhD
Dr. Atkins New Diet Revolution: Robert Atkins, MD
Sugar Busters! : H. Leighton Steward
Eat More, Weigh Less: Dean Ornish, MD
Opti-Fast (liquid diet)
Fit For Life: Harvey and Marilyn Diamond
WHAT DO ALL THE DIET PLANS
HAVE IN COMMON?????
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The Grapefruit Diet
The Cabbage Soup Diet
Mayo Clinic Diet
Scarsdale Diet
Diet Center
Nutri System
The Zone : Barry Sears, PhD
Mediterranean Diet
OTC supplements and “Diet Aids”
Acupuncture (in the ear)
Read -- Hundreds of BOOKS and Attended - Seminars and Lectures
HCG Injections and Homeopathic Drops
WHAT DO ALL THE DIET PLANS
HAVE IN COMMON?
JUST TELL ME
WHAT TO DO!
Weight Loss is a
Marathon not a Sprint
Rare is the habitual overeater
who goes on a diet,
loses 20 or 50 pounds,
and
coasts slimly through
the rest of their days.
Weight Loss is Hard,
but not
Impossible.
Secret of successful weight loss is
learning, and understanding:
THE SCIENCE OF
WEIGHT LOSS
THE SCIENCE
OF A
NATURALLY
THIN PERSON
THE SCIENCE OF A
NATURALLY THIN PERSON:
It is about BIOLOGY:
1.It is about your body’s ability to BURN FAT,
Becoming a Metabolic Fat Burning Machine.
2.It is about your BRAIN.
3.It is about Balancing the fat producing
hormone Cortisol.
BURN FAT
FAT BURNING
MACHINES
Energy
Our bodies are:
• energy machines
• never resting
• Metabolically active 24 hours a day
- Breathing
- Heart Beating
 We need a source of fuel for this metabolic
activity, and our bodies’ source of fuel is
SUGAR
 Everyone knows about the sugars that come
from candies, cookies, and cake.
The Hidden “C”
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates work like sugar in the body.
When you eat a carbohydrate:
 Bread
 Rice
 Pasta
 Potatoes
 Do not Drink juice, No smoothies, Must CHEW !!!!
 Every meal does not need to be a “7 layer Dip” !!!!
Your body converts it to sugar.
IT’S SUPPOSED TO DO THAT!
Now, here is where we take CONTROL
• Remember, we are
metabolically active 24
hours a day.
• If we have little to no sugar
in the blood, do you think
the body is going to say
“Stop being metabolically
active!”?...NO!!!
• The body will find another
source of fuel for its
energy – FAT.
T=ADIPOSE TISSUE.
Carbs
Sugar
Insulin is
released
Store it
Fat = Triglyceride
Adipose Tissue
Pancreas
gets
notified
Use for
energy
Muscle/Liver
White Kidney Bean
Dose: 500mg (1-2) with meals
Carb Blocker
• White Kidney Bean Extract (Phaseolus vulgaris) The bean
extract attains its effect by blocking the alpha-amylase
starch-digesting enzymes in the intestine.
• In order to validate this theory, a study was done where 27
obese adults took either a placebo or the Phaseolus vulgaris
extract known to “neutralize” the amylase enzyme.
After eight weeks, those taking the white bean extract lost 3.8
pounds in weight, and 1.5 inches of abdominal fat.
Altern Med Rev. 2004 Mar;9(1):63-9. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2007 Dec;42(12):1282-7.
Green Tea –
(epigallocatechin gallate or EGCG)
Fucoodia – 3 a day
•
An open-label trial demonstrated
that after three months, green tea
extract decreased body weight by
4.6 percent and waist
circumference by 4.48 percent.
Chantre et al 2002
• Combats Insulin
Resistance!
Carbs
Sugar
Insulin is
released
Store it
Fat = Triglyceride
Adipose Tissue
Pancreas
gets
notified
Use for
energy
Muscle/Liver
7-Keto DHEA-100mg
Dose: 100 mg AM; 100 mg Lunch
-2 a day• As stated in a 7-Keto® DHEA study: (Lardy H, et al. 1998), “Hepatic mitochondrial sn-glycerol 3phosphate dehydrogenase…function(s) to bypass electron transport from mitochondrial NADH
to ubiquinone. The result is a decreased efficiency of the uncoupling phosphorylation to the
oxidations of the carboxylic acid cycle, and decreased efficiency of the uncoupling
phosphorylation to the oxidations of the carboxylic acid cycle, and decreased efficiency of food
utilization for growth, fat synthesis or work output.”
• 7-Keto® DHEA increases the expression of hepatic
mitochondrial G3PDH in rats.
Dombrowski 2000, Alvarez L 1999, Drummler K, et al 1996.
• Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aka GPDH aka G3PD aka G3PDH
7-Keto® DHEA drives liver cells to burn
fatty acids for energy, which causes a lowering of triglycerides in the liver.
• In other words,
Green Coffee Bean Extract
400mg, 50% Chlorogenic Acids – 2 a day
• Dr. Oz weight loss study:
• Two week study, 50 women, used the Coffee Bean Extract – 3
times a day.
• Results: Group that took the Coffee Bean lost about 2 pounds,
or double the amount of weight lost by the other half of the
group taking a placebo.
• The group that took lost about 2 pounds and the placebo
group lost 1 pound.
• All the women were asked to keep a food log but make no
other dietary or lifestyle changes.
Green Coffee Bean Extract
400mg, 50% Chlorogenic Acids – 2 a day
• Chlorogenic acid supports healthy after-meal
glucose levels.
• Chlorogenic acid increases the signal protein
for insulin receptors in liver cells.
• Increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing
glucose levels.
Rodriguez de Sotillo DV, Hadley T, Sotillo JE. Insulin receptor exon 11+/− is expressed in Zucker (fa/fa) rats, and chlorogenic acid
modifies their plasma insulin and liver protein and DNA. J Nutr Biochem. 2006;7:63-71.
Carbs
Sugar
Insulin is
released
Store it
Fat = Triglyceride
Adipose Tissue
Pancreas
gets
notified
Use for
energy
Muscle/Liver
Fucoxanthin
Fucoodia - 3 a day
FUCOXANTHIN WITH POMEGRANATE SEED OIL
 Brown seaweed contains a carotenoid known as fucoxanthin that promotes a youthful
metabolic rate by activating a cellular protein called mitochondrial uncoupling
protein 1 (UCP1) in fat tissue.
 Fucoxanthin is converted by developing fat cells into fucoxanthinol, which
prevents developing fat cells from “growing up” into mature fat cells.
•
This carotenoid also reduces the growth of new blood vessels in adipose tissue, which may
also block the development of new fat cells.
 Adding pomegranate seed oil (a rich source of punicic acid) generated greater energy
expenditure than fucoxanthin by itself.
 A 16-week STUDY showed that the fucoxanthin/pomegranate blend resulted in a loss of
nearly 15 pounds vs. 3 pounds in the placebo group.
 INDUCES FAT BURNING, and PreventS“young” fat cells (pre-adipocytes) from
developing into “mature” fat cells (adipocytes).
Trayhurn P. The Biology of Obesity. Proc Nutr Soc. 2005 Feb;64(1):31-8.
Carbs
Sugar
Insulin is
released
Store it
Fat = Triglyceride
Adipose Tissue
Pancreas
gets
notified
Use for
energy
Muscle/Liver
The Brain: Hunger Center
The Appetites of the
Naturally Thin
• When these naturally thin people eat moderate
amounts of food, they feel full.
• They do not understand that we do not feel full.
• They do not understand our eating experience.
• This Naturally thin person feels full at the exact right moment,
when their body no longer needs more calories. They do not
overeat very often because their brain persuades them no to.
DO YOU WANT TO FEEL FULL?
• Do you want to feel what a naturally thin
person feels every time they eat?
YOU CAN…..
Leptin
• Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that
function to maintain a lean body composition by two
mechanisms:
1. Leptin modulates appetite by binding to a specific
area of the brain, the hypothalamus, where it signals
satiety.
2. Leptin enhances the body’s ability to access and
utilize fat stores as energy.
Sahu A. Leptin signaling in the hypothalamus: emphasis on energy homeostasis and leptin resistance. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2003 Dec;24(4):225-253.
Wang MY, Orci L, Ravazzola M, Unger RH. Fat storage in adipocytes requires inactivation of leptin’s paracrine activity:implications for treatment of human
obesity.
Leptin catches the attention of the medical
community…
• In 1995, scientists
ran a study; they
administered daily
injections of Leptin,
to obese mice.
• RESULT: mice shed
30% of their body
weight in two weeks.
Halas JL, Gajiwala KS, Maffei M, et al. Weight-reducing effects of
the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science.1995
Jul 28;269(5223):543-6.
Human studies were underway….
• Obese individuals were administered Leptin injections.
• RESULTS –
1. Appetites were NOT suppressed.
2. Weight was NOT lost.
Result of the study: overweight people have far more serum
leptin than their normal-weight counterparts.
In fact, they concluded, the more body fat you have, the more
leptin you have in your blood stream.
Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin Med.1996 Feb 1;334(5);2925.counterparts.
Leptin Resistance
• Scientists believed that the paradox could be explained by an
acquired Resistance to Leptin.
• Since being overweight leads to chronically elevated levels of
Leptin, they hypothesized that prolonged exposure to Leptin
overload could cause the target tissues to become “immune”
to the effects of leptin, losing the normal capacity to respond
to it, aka, LEPTIN RESISTANCE.
Hamann A, Matthaei S, Regulation of energy balance by leptin. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1996;104(4);293-300.
Mangodrene – 500mg; 1-2 a day
AFRICAN MANGO:
(Irvingia Gabonesis)
COMBATS
LEPTIN RESISTANCE
AFRICAN MANGO
Study dose: 300mg a day
• Irvingia Gabonensis:
STUDY:
• In a double-blind study;
102 healthy overweight
volunteers received
either 150mg of Irvingia
extract or placebo;
twice a day (300mg).
Results of African Mango
(300mg) study…
• At the end of 10 weeks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The African Mango group lost an average of 28 pounds,
Shed 6.7 inches from their waistline,
Reduced total body fat by an average of 18.4%.
Reduced total cholesterol by 26%,
Reduced low density lipoprotein by 27%
Reduced fasting blood glucose by 32%,
Reduced CRP by 52%.
Ngondi JL, Oben JE, Minka SR. The effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on body weight and blood lipids of obese subjects in
Cameroon. Lipids Health Dis. 2005 May 25;412.
Mangodrene
African Mango mechanisms of action:
1. Increases Leptin sensitivity.
2. Decreases CRP.
3. Increases adiponectin. Adiponectin increases insulin
sensitivity, induces a fat burning state.
4. Inhibits amylase, the digestive enzyme responsible for
breaking down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars.
5. Inhibits glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. This enzyme
reduces the amounts of sugars that are converted to
triglycerides.
Oben JE, Ngondi JL, Blum K. Inhibition of adipogenesis by Irvingia Gabonesis extract as mediated via down regulation of PPAR gamma and
Leptin genes. Lipids Health Dis.2008 Nov 13;7(1):44.
Carbs
Sugar
Insulin is
released
Store it
Fat = Triglyceride
Adipose Tissue
Pancreas
gets
notified
Use for
energy
Muscle/Liver
BRAIN
Hoodia
Fucoodia – 3 a day
• Used for centuries now, the Bushmen of South
Africa, have been eating the Hoodia plant to not only
ward off thirst but to curb appetites and eliminate
hunger during long hunting trips in the wilderness.
• The active compound known as P57, a steroidal
glycoside, which sends a signal to the BRAIN -hypothalamus (hunger center of brain) and “tricks”
the body into believing it is no longer hungry.
HOODIA
Fucoodia – 3 a day
• Scientists at Brown University Medical school became
interested in P57 because it is an anoretic ; and believed it
might shed some light on this question.
• They found the appetite - suppressing and mood enhancing
property – (ten thousand times as active as glucose).
• The P57 compound found in Hoodia works by increasing the
content of ATP in nerve cells in the hypothalamus.
• When levels of ATP are increased in hypothalamic nerve cells,
it appears that those nerve cells fire as if you had just eaten ,
even when you haven’t.
Carbs
Sugar
Insulin is
released
Store it
Fat = Triglyceride
Adipose Tissue
Pancreas
gets
notified
Use for
energy
Muscle/Liver
BRAIN
Stress Hormone:
Cortisol
Stress produces Cortisol
1. When cortisol increases, Leptin decreases!
– our appetites increase because it interferes with the
ability of leptin to tell our bodies that we are full –
STRESS EATING! Aka COMFORT FOOD!
2. Cortisol stimulates glucose production.
This excess glucose then typically is converted into
fat, ending up as stored fat – in the BELLY!
3. Belly fat can make us fatter! Belly fat contains
an enzyme that activates stored cortisol sending
even more cortisol into our bodies!!!
4. Cortisol also aids young fat cells to grow up into
mature fat cells.
Stop the Vicious Cycle!
Lower Cortisol!
• RELAX
• Decrease Cortisol






Vitamin C
Phosphatidylserine
Omega 3 Fatty Acid
Rhodiola
Codyceps
Ashwaghanda ……
Modern stress is all about perception
that’s why it’s constant and unrelenting!
Anatomy of FAT
Persistent Stress
Still
Keeps us FAT!
Fat is not just the accumulation of
excess calories….
• Fat is accumulation of excess calories; and/or cortisol; and
/or acid.
• Fat is also protective.
• The body retains fat as a protection against metabolic
(emotional/Stress) and dietary acids.
• Think of your extra weight as a parking lot to park excess
metabolic or dietary acid that is not being eliminated through
urination, perspiration, respiration or defecation.
• You see, fat is saving people from the excess acidity.
• Fat is alkalizing – takes in the acid.
Get you BODY BASIC!
• If your body is acidic, then it requires more
fat to be able to store all the acid.
• Decrease the acidity and your body begin to
realize that it no longer needs as much fat.
• Less acid means less fat is needed to store it!
• It is not fat that is keeping us overweight! -it is acid from our acidic, stressful lives.
Get your Body BASIC!
Start your day BASIC:
• Greeniac – powered
green Super Food –
without LICORICE.
• L Glutamine – 5g,
powered.
• Protein Powder –
Amino Acids.
SCIENCE OF WEIGHT LOSS:
BIOLOGY…..
BURN FAT;
NOT
SUGAR
BRAIN
Cortisol
Body pH
When you Feel Like This…..
And You Want To Do This….
Thin:
Tastes Better