Transcript HEALTH AND WELLNESS

Health and Wellness
Chapter
How Genes Affect Health
15
Health and Wellness
Chapter
15
INTRODUCTION
• Babies inherit about
100,000 different genes
from their parents
• The advances in
diagnosing and detecting
inherited disorders have
generated complex
economic, personal,
social and ethical
problems
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CONGENITAL DEFECTS AND
TERATOGENS
• Newborns with
observable physical or
biological abnormalities Congenital defects
• Most congenital defects
are due to a complex
interaction of genes and
environment
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Environmental
agents during
pregnancy
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•
prescription and illegal
drugs
• viral and bacterial
infections
• alcohol consumption
during pregnancy
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Nutrition Prevents Defects
• Folic Acid(Folate)
–Need to get adequate
during pregnancy
–Beans, green leafy
veggies
–Good for nerve
development
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Environmental Factors/Healthy
Birth
• Alcohol- most common
problem and effect
• Drugs
• Smoking
• Caffeine
• Bacteria/virus
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Hereditary Diseases
• A hereditary (genetic) disease
results from a defective gene
that is passed on to the child
in the sperm, egg, or both
• As a result of the defective
gene(s), a protein is either not
produced or is abnormal,
causing the problem
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Examples of Hereditary
Diseases
• Hemophilia
- an enzyme
called Factor III is defective
• Phenylketonuria (PKU) a enzyme that is needed to
digest amino acid,
phenylalanine, is defective
• Sickle cell disease - defect
in hemoglobin proteins in red
blood cells
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HUMAN HEREDITY: Genes
• Genes are present in chromosomes in a
chemical substance called DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
•
Altogether the 46 human
chromosomes have about
200,000 genes that uniquely
determine a human being
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PREVENTING GENETIC
DISEASES:Prenatal Testing
• Genetic counseling allows a
couple to be fully informed
before, during and after a
pregnancy with regards to
genetic defects
• Amniocentesis
• Ultrasound scanning
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Health and Wellness
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PREVENTING GENETIC
DISEASES:
• Very few hereditary
diseases can be treated
effectively
-- PKU is an exception
Gene therapy is a technique
for replacing defective
genes with normal ones in
certain tissues of a person
affected with a hereditary
disease
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Genetic Testing
• The human Genome
Project
• Genetic tests that predict
disease risk
–Breast cancer
–Colon cancer
–Alzheimers disease.
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Genes=Traits
• 1 gene=many traits
• Many genes=1trait
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Genetics Or Environment
• Many Traits/Diseases
unknown %
–Hypertension
–Allergies
–Depression
–IQ
–alcoholism