Transcript Biochemistry Chp 3



Atoms
Elements


HONC PS make up 90% of all living organisms
Monomers make up polymers
Monosaccharides
 Fatty acids
 Amino Acids
 Nucleotides


Biological Compounds (polymers)
Carbohydrates (CH20)
 Lipids (CHO) 2x as many H as C, fewer O
 Proteins (CHONS)
 Nucleic Acids (CHONP)


Monomer
Single unit of a macromolecule
 Can be linked together to form polymers

Monomer
Monomer
Monomer
Monomer
AKA: sugars, saccharides
 <the movie was funny, but it had a saccharine ending in which
everyone lives happily ever after>
development of saccharin -- an artificial sweetener known today to
many seasoned dieters as Sweet-n-Low.
 Why are they important?

Monomers (C6H12O6 )

Glucose - Photosynthesis
Fructose - Fruit
Galactose – Milk

Polymer : Starch
Plant Energy

Polymer: Cellulose

Same chemical formula
Different shape = isomer


Polymer: Glycogen
Animal energy


C6H12O6
+ C6H12O6
C12H22 O11
When H2O is created because two monomers are
united, this is called a condensation reaction.
The opposite, when water is added to break a
polymer apart, it is called hydrolysis.




Phospholipids
Triglycerides
Waxes
Steroids
Type of Steroids: Cholesterol
Hormones
 Androgen
 Corticosteroids
 HGH
 BGH




Lots of C, twice as much H, very little O
Long hydrocarbon chains
Fatty acid (monomer)
-Nonpolar
-Hydrophobic

Triglyceride (Fats)



Saturated or unsaturated
Oil (liquid) - E storage
Fat (solid)
- E storage, insulation, padding
-Polar
-Hydrophilic
TRIGLYCERIDE
PHOSPHOLIPID
Phosphate
Glycerol
Glycerol
Impermeable to H20, maintains cell integrity.


C, H, O, N and sometimes S
Peptide = Amino Acid = Protein Monomer
Radical Group
R
O
H
N
H

C
H
C
Over twenty varieties
(They differ only in the “radical” group)
O
H

Enzymes are a type of
protein
Phenylalanine
Lower the activation energy
for chemical reactions
 Are reusable


Phenylketonuria


Neurological disease
Lack of enzyme
Phenylalanine hydroxlase
Phenylalanine
hydroxlase


Proteins are polymers comprised of amino
acids
Structural examples


Muscle fibers, hair, cytoskeleton
Cell membrane proteins


C, H, O, N, and P
Nucleotide (nucleic acid monomer)

Monosaccharide
 Ribose or Deoxyribose


Nitrogenous Base
Phosphate Group

Nucleic Acid Polymers

RNA
 Protein synthesis

DNA
 Primary genetic info






1. List the 6 elements common to all organisms
2. Name four organic compounds
3. Describe the amount of elements found in a carbohydrate
monomer.
4. Name 3 carbohydrate monomers
5. Name 3 carbohydrate polymers
6. Name the polymer for each monomer




A. nucleotide
B. monosaccharide
C. Fatty acid
D. Amino acid
7. Draw a rough outline of what a nucleic acid monomer
and a carbohydrate monomer would look like.
8. What elements are in a nucleic acid monomer?