Transcript Organic Chemistry - Blue Springs R

Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
• All about CARBON!!!!
• 4 electrons available and
ready to bond
• Carbon also likes to bond
with other Carbon
• this makes carbon chains!
Organic Chemistry
• Forms strong bonds (covalent) with
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Oxygen (2)
Hydrogen (1)
Sulfur (3)
Nitrogen (3)
• Because Carbon is so versatile and
strong it is often called a “carbon backbone”
• Two or more atoms make a
molecule
• H2O
• NaCl
Organic Chemistry
• Vocab:
• Molecule: when two or more atoms bond
• Ex: H2O & NaCl
• Monomer: small groups of molecules that bond with other groups of
molecules
• Ex: Glucose & Fructose
• Polymer: Several monomers bonded together
• Ex: Starch & DNA
• Macromolecule: several polymers bonded together
• Ex: Carbohydrates & Lipids
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Images from the following websites:
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MOLECULE: (http://www.materialssciencerocks.com/hydrogen-bonding-what-holds-everything-together/ )
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Monomer(http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fmoodle.esu13.org%2Fmod%2Fassignment%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D51639&h=0&w =0&tbnid=4YNbW_nCENZSzM&zoom=1&tbnh=192&tbnw=262&docid=mwlIO-E0II8TiM&tbm=isch&ei=ecMkVLGgB5KZyATB0IDICg&ved=0CAQQsCUoAA )
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Polymer (http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/basics.htm )
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Macromolecule (http://galleryhip.com/dna-macromolecule.html )
Organic Chemistry
Four Main Categories
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Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Image from: http://www.haspi.org/curriculum-library/Med-Bio-Core-Labs/00%20NEW%20NGSS%20Med%20Bio%20Labs%20COMPLETE/07%20Teacher%20-%20Macromolecules.pdf
Carbohydrates
• Made of:
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Monomer: monosaccharide
• Ex: Glucose & Fructose
• Polymer: Polysaccharide
• Ex: Starch
• Functions: easy/short term energy storage
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Image from: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2010/11/misconceptions-surrounding-carbohydrates/
Lipids
• Made of:
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Monomer: Glycerol &
Fatty Acids
• Functions: long term energy storage, cell structure and cell-to-cell
communication
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Image from: http://chemistrypictures.org/index.php/lipids
Lipids
• Energy Storage
• Ex: Fats & Oils
• Lots of potential energy in the
fatty acid tails
• Long-term energy storage,
but harder to break down than carbs
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Image from: http://weloveteaching.com/0bio105/lectures/organics/Lipids.jpg
Lipids
• Nonpolar (don’t dissolve in water)
• Cell Structure:
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Phospholipids
Hydrophilic (water loving) head
Hydrophobic tail (water fearing)
Creates a bilayer  cell membranes!!!
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Image from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Phospholipid_TvanBrussel.jpg/300px-Phospholipid_TvanBrussel.jpg
Lipids
• Cell-to-cell communication Steroids!!
• Cholesterol
• Response to stress
• Ring shaped
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Image from:
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Cholesterol: http://elitemensguide.com/emg-health-numbers-hdl-cholesterol-and-ldl-cholesterol/
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Steroid structure https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQ7POqWcDhvCcJ0j4QNEbSJabO-zHEqZkCcyVr5jqLHXlPrfqC
Proteins
• Made of:
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Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
• Monomer: Amino Acids
• Polymer: Proteins
• Functions: Cell regulation, control rate of reaction, and helping build bone
& muscle
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Images from:
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Structure http://amit1b.wordpress.com/the-molecules-of-life/about/
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Food: http://livehealthyosu.com/tag/caffeine/
Nucleic Acids
• Made of:
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Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
• Monomer: Nucleotide
• Polymer: DNA & RNA!!!
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Image from: http://images.tutorvista.com/cms/images/81/dna-and-rna.png
Nucleic Acids
• Function: Store and transmitting (passing on) genetic information!
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Image from: http://www.visualphotos.com/photo/1x6057874/human_baby_dna_helix__genetic_sequences_artwork_g340052.jpg