Transcript DNA - The Stuff of Life

DNA - The Stuff of
Life
DNA
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• The HEREDITARY
molecule
CONTROLLING the
ACTIVITIES of the cell
DNA Structure
• WATSON and
CRICK
proposed the
structure in
1952
• Others worked
on the structure
DNA Structure
• NUCLEOTIDE
–The BUILDING block
of the DNA ladder
NUCLEOTIDE
• Composed of
1. PHOSPHATE
2. DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR
3. NITROGENOUS BASE
NUCLEOTIDE
NUCLEOTIDE
Four Kinds of Nitrogenous Bases
• Purines
–Contain 2 rings
• Adenine (A)
• Guanine (G)
Purines have 2 rings
Four Kinds of Nitrogenous Bases
• Pyrimidines
–Contain 1 ring
• Thymine (T)
• Cytosine (C)
Pyrimidines have 1 ring
Four Kinds of Nitrogenous Bases
• Adenine pairs with
Thymine with two
HYDROGEN bonds
• A always pairs with T
Four Kinds of Nitrogenous Bases
• Guanine pairs with
Cytosine with three
HYDROGEN bonds
• G always pairs with C
Key words of DNA Shape
• DOUBLE stranded
• LADDER shape
• sides of PHOSPHATE
& SUGAR
Key words of DNA Shape
• RUNGS of bases
• COILED (double helix)
REPLICATION
• Making an EXACT
COPY of a DNA
molecule
• SELF doubling
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis
• The process of
MAKING proteins
Transcription
• The process of
CHANGING the DNA
pattern into messenger
RNA
Messenger RNA
• BRINGS coded
information from DNA to
the RIBOSOMES
Ribosomes
• The PROTEIN
FACTORIES of the cell
Translation
• The process of
CHANGING the
information of messenger
RNA into proteins
Transfer RNA
• The RNA that CARRIES
the amino acids to the
ribosomes and PAIRS
with mRNA
Codon
• Combination of THREE
bases of mRNA that
determines the order of
amino acids
DNA vs. RNA
Differences in RNA
• 1. Single stranded helix
• 2. Ribose Sugar
• 3. Base uracil instead of
thymine
Differences in RNA
• 4. Two kinds of RNA
(mRNA, tRNA)
• 5. RNA found in the
nucleus and cytoplasm
• 6. Smaller in size
Transcription
Translation
Control of the Cell
DNA
Proteins
Produces
MAKES
mRNA
Translation
Traits
Bell Quiz:
1- What is translation?
2- What is transcription?
3- What is the difference between
DNA and RNA?
4- Adenine pairs with__________
5- Cytosine pairs with___________.
Bell Quiz:
You are Bill Nye the Science
Guy….Be a tour guide and write a
paragraph describing the process of
DNA replication. (the process you
went through to make the DNA
bracelet)
Review for Test:
1- Who is Watson & Crick? What did they discover?
2- What is DNA? Where is it found? What does it
stand for?
3-What makes up DNA? What does it look like?
4-What would be the complement DNA strand to the
following:
ATTCGGCTA
5-What would a complement RNA strand look like for
the following:
ACGAAGCAA
Review for Test:
6- What is a codon?
7-What is the difference between the DNA of a mouse
and a cat?
8-What makes up a nucleotide?
9-What do ribosomes do?
10-What is the difference between RNA and DNA?
11-Where is DNA found?
12-What is transcription?
13-What is translation?
14-What is replication?