Transcript DNA –Protein synthesis

DNA –Protein
synthesis
What are the
two nucleic
acids called?
DNA
and
RNA
Where is
DNA found in
the cell?
In the
nucleus
What is the
Function of
DNA?
To store
genetic
information
DNA is made
of what
repeating
units
Nucleotides
A nucleotide
Is made of
now many
parts?
Three ( 3 )
Name the
Parts of a
nucleotide
1.Sugar
2.Phosphate
3.Nitrogen
base
This is a nucleotide
In DNA the
Nitrogen
bases are
__, __, __, __
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Thymine
Deoxyribose
Guanine
Deoxyribose
Deoxyribose
Cytosine
Deoxyribose
(b)
Fig. 11. 06b
_____ Bonds
Connect the
Nitrogen bases
Weak
Hydrogen
Bonds
Hydrogen bonds
In DNA what
Base pairs
with Adenine?
Thymine
In DNA what
Base pairs
with Cytosine?
Guanine
Where are the
Nitrogen bases
Located in DNA
In the middle
Of the ladder
(the rungs)
What is the
sugar in
DNA called?
Deoxyribose
What makes
Up the sides
Of DNA
Sugar and
Phosphate
molecules
When DNA
Copies itself
DNA Replication
What is the
Other type of
Nucleic acid?
RNA
Ribonucleic
Acid
What is the
function of
RNA
To make protein
How many
types of
RNA are
there
Three ( 3)
RNA Structure
What is the
Sugar in RNA
Ribose
What nitrogen
base is in
RNA, but not
in DNA?
Uracil
Uracil pairs
With ______
Adenine
Name the three
Types of RNA
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA
Which type of
RNA makes
ribosomes
rRNA
tRNA delivers
Amino acids
The process of
Making protein
Is also called
___ expression
“Gene”
expression
What is the
first step in
protein
synthesis?
Transcription
Where does
transcription
occur?
In the nucleus
What is made
During
transcription?
RNA
What type of
RNA carries
Instructions to
the cytoplasm
mRNA
mRNA give
Instructions for
making _____
Protein
The second step
of protein
synthesis is
_______________
Translation
Translation
occurs in the
_________
Cytoplasm,
on a ______
Ribosome
RNA Structure
•RNA is made like DNA
•Sugar-phosphate backbone
•-OH at the #2 C on the ribose, vs. deoxyribose in
DNA
•U substitutes for T
•Can self-associate, just like DNA
•Unlike DNA, RNA is single stranded
RNA Structure
•Where it self-associates, U pairs with A; G with C
•Multiple types:
•mRNA: Messenger RNA: carries information
•tRNA: Transfer RNA: carries a.a.
•One unique tRNA for each a.a.
•rRNA: most prevalent type, in ribosome
3 bases on
mRNA
are called a
___________
Codon
3 bases on
tRNA
are called an
_________
Anti-codon
RNA Structure
•RNA is made like DNA
•Sugar-phosphate backbone
•-OH at the #2 C on the ribose, vs. deoxyribose in
DNA
•U substitutes for T
•Can self-associate, just like DNA
•Unlike DNA, RNA is single stranded
RNA Structure
•Where it self-associates, U pairs with A; G with C
•Multiple types:
•mRNA: Messenger RNA: carries information
•tRNA: Transfer RNA: carries a.a.
•One unique tRNA for each a.a.
•rRNA: most prevalent type, in ribosome
What a.a. is this?
The codon
AUG
=amino acid
(Met)
A change
in the
DNA
Mutation
Chromosomal
Mutations
Deletion or addition of
an additional segment
• Breakage
• Effects:– very serious,
often lethal
•
Point
Mutations
Point Mutations
Affect only 1
amino acid
Remember to
Look over your
DNA fingerprint
information
• Deletion or addition of an additional segment
• Breakage
• Effects: 1 to multiple proteins lost – very serious,
often lethal