Transcript Hinge Point Questions

Hinge Point Questions
Hi,
I hope you find these hinge point questions useful. They are
aimed at National 5 Chemistry in Scotland, which is about the
same level as KS4 or GCSE.
Please feel free to adapt them for your own use. I have written
them for the areas I feel my pupils struggle with most.
Some are straightforward one right answer, others have more
than one correct answer, while others are aimed to promote
ideas and discussion.
The graph shows the rate
of reaction of 20cm3 1M
HCl with 0.5g Mg.
Which of these graphs shows the reaction of 20cm3 2M HCl
with 0.25g Mg?
Which of these is the correct formula for
ammonium sulphate?
• A) (NH3)2SO4
• B) (NH4)2SO4
• C) NH3SO4
• D) (NH4)(SO4)2
A teacher asks the class to describe why
atoms are neutral. Which answer is best?
a) The particles in the atom cancel out.
b) Atoms have protons and electrons in the nucleus,
which cancel out.
c) The neutrons make them neutral.
d) Atoms have the same number of protons and
electrons which cancel out.
Which statement best explains why chlorine
has a mass of 35.5?
a) 35.5 is the average mass of all the isotopes of
chlorine.
b) Chlorine and similar elements have ½ a neutron.
c) Some chlorine atoms have a mass of 35, others have
different masses.
d) Different chlorine atoms have different numbers of
neutrons.
If a substance conducts electricity, what type
of bonding does it have?
Which statement best explains why ions
form?
a) Metals form positive ions because they lose
electrons.
b) Positive ions form because loss of electrons leads to
a stable electron arrangement.
c) Ions are more reactive than atoms.
d) Ionic bonding is stronger than London forces.
Why does the blue colour of copper
chloride migrate to the negative
electrode during electrolysis?
As you go down the fractionating column…
a) flammability, viscosity and ease of evaporation
decrease
b) Flammability and viscosity decrease, ease of
evaporation increases.
c) Flammability and ease of evaporation increase,
viscosity decreases.
d) Flammability and ease of evaporation decrease,
viscosity increases.
Which of the following are isomers?
a)
b)
H
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
C
H
H
C
C
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
c)
d)
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
H
C
H
For the equation below, which statement is
correct?
H2SO4 + 2KOH
K2SO4 + H2O
a) 1 mole sulphuric acid reacts with 2 moles potassium
hydroxide.
b) 2 moles potassium hydroxide produce 2 moles
potassium sulphate.
c) When calculating GFM the KOH must be multiplied
by 2.
d) This is an example of neutralisation.
For a titration, rank these statements in order
of importance.
a) Reading the bottom of the meniscus on the
burette
b) carrying out a rough titration first
c) Ensuring concordancy
d) Clean glassware
Which is correct for an alkaline solution?
a) The concentration of H+ ions is greater than OHions.
b) [OH-] > 10-7
c) pH increases when water is added.
d) Ammonia solution dissociates fully in water.
A pupil tested the properties of lithium oxide.
Which statement or statements match what they
found?
a) Has no effect on pH.
b) Produces an alkali if dissolved in water.
c) Produces an acid if dissolved in water.
d) Conducts electricity when molten.
Which of these is the correct ionic formula for
sodium sulphate?
1. Na2+SO422. (Na+)2SO42+
23. Na SO4
4. NaSO4
A metal X reacts with dilute acids and is
extracted from its ore by electrolysis. It is not
stored under oil.
a) X can be displaced from a solution of its ions by
copper
b) A solution of X reacts with sodium metal to
precipitate out X.
c) Heating the oxide of X with carbon produces
metallic X.
d) X can be found uncombined.
The overall redox equation for the reduction
of silver by magnesium is:
Mg(s) + Ag+(aq)  Mg2+(aq) + Ag(s)
Mg(s) + Ag+(aq)  Mg2+(aq) + Ag(s) + eMg(s) + 2Ag+(aq)  Mg2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)
Mg(s) + Ag+(aq) + 2e-  Mg2+(aq) + Ag(s) + 2e-
The Queensferry crossing in Edinburgh was built
using steel caissons, large watertight tanks used
to create the bridge towers under the water. To
protect the workers inside them, the caissons
must remain structurally sound and not rust.
Discuss which method of protection against
corrosion would be most suited to protecting the
caissons.
Which of these electrochemical cells would
produce the highest voltage and be a
practical consumer option?
a) lithium-gold
b) Potassium-copper
c) Lead-copper
d) Aluminium-tin
A 2.5g sample of Iodine-131 is used to trace iodine
uptake in the thyroid gland. After 72 hours 0.3125g
remains. Which of the following is correct?
a) The body temperature of the patient causes the
sample to decay more quickly.
b) The half life is 22 hours.
c) After 96 hours 0.15625g remains
d) The isotope is administered as the compound
potassium iodide, which reduces the radioactivity.
The correct name for the functional group of
the alkanols is:
a) Carbonyl
b) Alcohol
c) Hydryl
d) hydroxyl
Alkanoic acids differ in their reactions with
mineral acids such as HCl. Which statement is
most accurate?
a) 10cm3 of a 0.1 mol l-1 solution of ethanoic acid needs the
same volume of 0.1 mol l-1 NaOH to neutralise compared with
10cm3 of a 0.1 mol l-1 solution of HCl.
b) Propanoic acid reacts more quickly with zinc than sulphuric
acid.
c) Ethanoic acid dissociates into ions.
d) The pH values of ethanoic acid and nitric acid are similar.
Which is these statements about esters is
true?
a) They can be used for flavourings and perfumes.
b) They are made from carboxylic acids and alkenes.
c) They are made from alkanols and carboxylic acids.
d) They are formed by addition reactions.
A new sugar is discovered.
It has formula C12 H22O11.
a) The new sugar is a monosaccharide
b) The new sugar is an isomer of glucose
c) The new sugar is an isomer of maltose
d) The new sugar is unlikely to react with Benedicts
solution.
Which statement best explains the food vs
fuel dilemma?
a) Land is needed to grow food crops to feed a population, but a
developing society also needs to grow biofuel crops to produce
energy to help them develop. They cannot do both.
b) Some crops grow better than others.
c) Food crops need more fertiliser so it is better and cheaper to grow
biofuel crops.
d) Biofuel crops need more fertiliser so it is better and cheaper to
grow food crops.
Which of these is correct:
a) The Haber process uses a Pt catalyst to make
ammonia.
b) The Ostwald process uses an Fe catalyst to make
ammonia.
c) The Haber process produces a large yield.
d) The Ostwald process is exothermic.
Which of the following compounds would be
most suitable as a fast acting fertiliser?
a) Sodium nitrate
b) Potassium nitrate
c) Ammonium nitrate
d) Calcium phosphate
Which of the following is correct?
a) Proteins are examples of addition polymers.
b) Proteins only come from animal sources.
c) Proteins are made from monomers called amino
acids.
d) Adding NaOH to a protein solution produces an
alkaline gas.
Oils can be made into spreadable butter.
Which of the following statements is correct?
a) The process is called hydrogenation.
b) The process is called addition.
c) The butter has a higher degree of unsaturation than
the oil.
d) The chemical formula of the oil would have a C:H
ratio of Cn:H2n+2