Transcript Most ethanol is transported to the ________, which

Most ethanol is transported to the
________, which attempts to break it down
into less toxic molecules.
20%
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2.
3.
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5.
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20%
20%
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bloodstream
liver
stomach
brain
small intestine
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Potential energy can be visualized
as the energy ________.
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1. of motion
2. of position and
organization
3. of a falling object
4. of heat or thermal
energy
5. that drives muscle
contraction
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In comparison to the products of a catabolic
reaction, the reactants ________.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
are smaller
are endergonic
are less stable
have less
potential energy
5. are constructed
from fewer atoms
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In contrast to linear metabolic pathways, in
cyclic pathways, ________.
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the last step regenerates the
same molecule as was used in
the first step of the sequence
the product molecules are
arranged in closed-loop
configurations like the
monosaccharides
reactants or intermediates are
channeled into two or more
reaction sequences
the enzymes are positioned
sequentially along a membrane
only degradative reactions occur
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3.
4.
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20%
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Exergonic reactions produce both products
and free energy; the free energy may be
either ________.
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1.
2.
3.
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4
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heat or light
oxidation or reduction
kinetic or potential
energy
heat or muscle
contraction
mechanical or chemical
energy
4.
5.
1
20%
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At equilibrium, no net formation of products occurs;
________ permits continuation of the reaction after
an initial equilibrium is reached.
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using ATP to drive the
reaction
using an enzyme to catalyze
the reaction
removing the product or
having it become the
substrate for another reaction
maintaining low reactant
concentrations
balancing photosynthesis
with respiration
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3.
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5.
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The term bioluminescence
describes the ________.
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phosphor glow that accompanies the
phosphorylations by ATP
energy released when ATP reacts
with oxygen
portions of the visible light spectrum
that drive photosynthesis
residual glow seen in
photosynthesizing leaves just after
sunset
light emitted when molecules within
organisms stabilize by releasing
energy
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20%
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Metal ions are common in cofactors
because they easily accept and give up
________.
20%
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2.
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electrons
neutrons
hydrogen ions
antioxidants
functional groups
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Tryptophan binds to an allosteric site on the first
enzyme in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway;
tryptophan could be described as ________.
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1. a substrate
2. an intermediate
3. a transitional
reactant
4. an allosteric
inhibitor
5. an inducer
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Enzymes lower activation
energy by ________.
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helping substrates get
together
orienting substrates into
positions that favor a reaction
shutting out water molecules
inducing a fit between the
enzyme and the substrate
all of the choices
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3.
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Life on Earth is possible from an
energy perspective because ________.
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the sun continually radiates
energy to the Earth that is
collected by producers
energy can neither be created
nor destroyed
heat energy can be readily
collected and concentrated by
cells
each chemical reaction is
accompanied by an equal and
opposite reaction
energy travels away from stars
rather than toward them
2.
3.
4.
5.
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20%
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During the ATP/ADP cycle, ATP
is formed when ________.
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reactions that release energy
are combined with ADP + Pi
reactions that require energy
are combined with ATP
reactions that release energy
are combined with ATP
reactions that require energy
are combined with ADP + Pi
none of the choices is correct
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3.
4.
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20%
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During electron transfer,
________.
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electrons gradually move from
higher to lower energy states
released energy can be
harnessed to make ATP
cells can create electrochemical
gradients by concentrating
hydrogen ions
those electrons with little
remaining energy are used to
form water
all of the choices are correct
2.
3.
4.
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The color pattern of Siamese cats is seen
because the enzyme involved in pigment
production is sensitive to ________.
20%
20%
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1.
2.
3.
4.
pH
salt
temperature
oxygen
concentration
5. light
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Although toxic in larger concentrations, many metals such
as copper, zinc, and selenium are needed in trace
quantities because they function as ________.
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1. allosteric
activators
2. cofactors
3. enzymes
4. allosteric
inhibitors
5. antioxidants
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Biologists use the term "metabolism" to
describe the cell's capacity to:
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2.
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survive and reproduce
build and repair cellular
structure
degrade food molecules
grow
acquire energy and use
it to build, degrade,
store, and release
molecules
3.
4.
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What best explains why the Space Shuttle
requires large amounts of fuel to take off, but
none to land?
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the Shuttle is heavier when it
takes off than when it lands
moving upward stores potential
energy, while falling downward
releases kinetic energy
gravity increases the weight of
the Shuttle
falling downward focuses energy
into the impact site
the weight of the atmosphere
pushes any free-falling object
toward the earth
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3.
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What best explains the increased reaction
rate observed with increased temperature?
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weak bonds are broken and the
active site better fits the substrate
substrate molecules move more
quickly and are more likely to
contact the enzyme
enzymes produced in inactive forms,
like trypsin, are activated at higher
temperature
heat energy can be collected and
concentrated by cells to aid in
metabolism
entropy states are more favorable
for metabolism at higher
temperatures
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According to the principles of
thermodynamics, the light energy that drives
photosynthesis ________.
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is less concentrated than the
chemical energy of the sugars
produced
has a higher entropy value as light
energy than when converted to
chemical energy
is energetically equal to the light
energy associated with
bioluminescence
is more concentrated than the
chemical energy of the sugars
produced
is slowly dissipating and, in the
distant future, photosynthesis will no
longer occur
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A molecule of ATP is
constructed from ________.
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ribose, adenine, and
adenosine
ribose, adenine, and two
phosphate groups
adenosine and
phosphorylated glucose
two or three phosphate
groups and the amino acid
arginine
adenosine and three
phosphate groups
2.
3.
4.
5.
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