Transcript Chapter 13 The Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 13
The Renaissance and
Reformation
Section 1:
The Renaissance In Italy
Section 1 Objectives
•
Students will:
1. Describe characteristics of the Renaissance
and understand why it began in Italy.
2. Identify Renaissance artist and explain how
new ideas affected the arts of the period.
3. Understand how writers of the time
addressed Renaissance themes.
The Renaissance
• Renaissance= A new age meaning “re-birth”
– It marked a great change in culture, politics, society,
and economics.
• Renaissance in Italy
– Began in 1300’s
– Reached its peak around 1500.
– Renaissance explored the human experience, unlike
focusing on religion like in the Middle Ages
The Renaissance
• Italy Cont.
– There was a new emphasis on individual
achievement.
– Humanism was at the heart of the
Renaissance.
• Was an Intellectual movement.
• Renaissance humanist studied the classical culture
of Greece and Rome to try to cmprehend their own
times.
The Renaissance
• Italy Cont.
– Humanism Cont.
• They emphasized the humanities: subjects such as
rhetoric, poetry, and History.
– Poet Francesco Petarch was an early
Renaissance humanist
• Gathered a library of Greek and Roman
Manuscripts.
• Western Europeans now had works of Cicero,
Homer, and Virgil.
The Renaissance
• Italy Birthplace of the Renaissance
– Had been the center of the Roman Empire
and remains of ancient culture were all
around.
– Was also the seat of the Roman Catholic
Church. (an important patron of the arts).
– Its location encouraged trade with markets on
the Mediterranean, in Africa, and Europe.
The Renaissance
• Italy Birthplace of the Renaissance
– Trade provided the wealth that fueled the
Renaissance.
– Italy’s powerful merchant families, such as the
Medici family of Florence, lent political and
economic leadership and supported the arts.
–
The Renaissance
• Reflecting Humanism
– Renaissance painters returned to the realism
of classical times by developing improved
ways to represent humans and landscapes.
– Discovered perspective-allowed artistis to
create realistic art.
• Paint scenes that appeared 3-dimensional.
– The greatest of the Renaissance artist were
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and
Raphael.
The Renaissance
• Writers
– Some Italian writers wrote guidebooks.
• Help ambitious people who wanted to rise in the
Renaissance world.
• Most widely read was The Book of the Courtier by
Baldassare Castiglione.
– Nicollo Machiavelli wrote a guide for rulers,
titled The Prince
• How to gain and maintain Power
Section 1 Questions
1. What was significant about the discovery
of perspective?
2. Identify three of the main characteristics
of the Renaissance.
3. How did the focus of study change
between the Middle Ages and the
Renaissance?
4. Identify two reasons why the
Renaissance began in Italy.
Chapter 13
The Renaissance and
Reformation
Section 2:
The Renaissance In The North
Section 2 Objectives
•
Students will:
1. Explain how the printing revolution shaped
European society.
2. Describe the themes that Northern
European Artists humanist, and writers
explored.
The Renaissance In The North
• Northern Europe
– By the 1400’s economic growth reached
levels to develop its own Renaissance.
• Printing Press
– Helped spread Renaissance ideas.
– Johann Gutenberg
• Printed the first complete edition of the Bible in
1455.
– Printing Press caused a printing revolution.
The Renaissance In The North
• Printing Press Cont.
– Before books were made by hand, were rare,
and expensive.
– Printed books were cheaper and easier to
produce.
– Now more books were available so more
people learned to read.
– It exposed Europe to new ideas and places.
The Renaissance In The North
• Beginning of the Northern Renaissance
– Began in the cities of Flanders.
• A thriving center of trade.
– Flemish Painters
• Pursued realism in their art
• One of the Most important was Jan van Eyck.
– Portrayed townspeople and religious scenes in rich
detail.
• Pieter Bruegel used vibrant color to portray lively
scenes of peasant life
The Renaissance In The North
• Beginning of the Northern Renaissance
– Flemish Painters Cont.
• Peter Paul Rubens blended the tradition of Flemish
realism with themes from mythology, the Bible, and
History.
• German painter Albercht Durer traveled to Italy to
study the techniques of the Italian masters.
– Became a pioneer in spreading Renaissance ideas to
Northern Europe.
– Applied the painting techniques he learned in Italy to
engraving.
– Many of paintings / engravings theme religious upheaval.
The Renaissance In The North
• Northern European Humanists
– Humanists and writers also helped spread
Renaissance ideas.
– Desiderius Erasmus
• Dutch priest and humanists
• Called for a translation of the Bible into the
venacular.
– Sir Thomas More
• Called for social reform in the form of a utopian, in
which people live together in peace and harmony.
The Renaissance In The North
• Renaissance Literature
– William Shakespeare
• Most famous poet and playwright
• His 37 plays are still preformed around the world.
• His genius was in expressing universal themes,
such as the complexity of the individual, in
everyday, realistic settings.
• Used language that people understood and
enjoyed.
• Also enriched the English language with 1,700
new words
Section 2 Questions
1. Where did the Northern Renaissance
begin?
2. What changes did the invention of the
printing press bring about?
3. What theme did Durer explore in many of
his paintings and engravings?