Transcript Final Review

Biology Final Review
Part A
Which part of the scientific
method?
• “If the height of the Fast Plant is related to
the amount of fertilizer, then the more
fertilizer, the taller the plant will grow.”
• A. observation
• B. inference
• C. hypothesis
• D. conclusion
• ANSWER: hypothesis
What inference can be made?
•
•
•
•
A. Temperature is
unrelated to number
of organisms
B. As the temperature
increases, so does
the number of
organisms
C. As the temperature
increases, the number
of organisms
decreases
ANSWER: B
What is the sugar pill group’s
purpose?
• Group A is
given a pill to
test
• Group B is
given a
sugar pill
• A. experimental
group
• B. control group
• C. taste test
• D. limiting factor
• ANSWER: B
Handout
• Bacteria Identification: Bacteria Shapes
Let’s say you go to
the doctor to see if
you have Strep
Throat. How do they
determine that?
NOTE SHAPES AND CLUSTERS
How to Identify bacteria
• Endospore Forming
Note capsule and flagella
Glucose Fermentation
• None
Fermentation
Ferm. + gas
• Differential Media - Detection of Acid from
Glucose, Page 2 (more test results)
Bacterial Identification - The API20E System (Link)
Note shapes, clusters, color
• Stapylococcus Gram
positive
• Staphylobacillus
Gram negative
What is the measurement?
•
•
•
•
•
•
A. 8 mL
B. 7 mL
C. 6 mL
meniscus
D. 6.3 mL
E. 6.6 mL
ANSWER: E
Using a compound light
microscope, which is 40 X, which is
400X?
• A
• ANSWER:
• 400X
B
40X
Where are these parts?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Revolving nose piece
Coarse adjustment
Fine Adjustment
Stage
Base
Arm
Diaphragm
Condenser
Objectives
To first find an object use on a
microscope:
A
C
B
D
What structure is used to fine focus
an object?
A
C
B
D
When should you wear goggles?
• A. Only if you do not have corrective
lenses.
• B. all times when instructed by the
instructor
• C. to improve your vision
• D. avoid eye strain
• ANSWER: B
Who should clean up the lab table
and put away the supplies?
• A. Teacher
• B. Students entering the lab.
• C. Students leaving the lab.
• D. Custodian
• ANSWER: Students leaving
the lab
Process of substances moving
from a region of HIGH to LOW
concentrations is called:
•
•
•
•
A. phagocytosis
B. osmosis
C. active transport
D. diffusion
• ANSWER: diffusion osmosis is hi to low
of water through a selectively perm. memb
What is the basic structural and
functional unit of living things?
• A. atom
• B. molecule
• C. cell
• D. organism
• ANSWER: cell
What movement goes through a
membrane low to high
concentration and requires energy?
•
•
•
•
A. Passive Transport
B. Active Transport
C. Facilitate Transport
D. Endocytosis
• ANSWER: B
If a cell contains a nucleus, it must
be:
•
•
•
•
A. eukaryotic
B. prokaryotic
C. an animal
D. a plant
• ANSWER: A
How long is each cell?
•
•
•
•
A. 2 mm
B. 1 mm
C. 0.5 mm
D. 0.25 mm
• ANSWER: C
• Field diam. Divided by
how many cells fit across
How long is each cell?
0.5 mm = ?
•
•
•
•
A. 5000 µm
B. 500 µm
C. 50 µm
D. 5 µm
• ANSWER: B
• Multiply mm by 1000 for µm
• POLYMER
• MONOMER
• Carbohydrates (1:2 C:H) • Monosaccharide
– starch in plants
– Glycogen in animals
• Lipids
• 3 Fatty acids and glycerol
• Protein
• Amino acids (NH2)
• Nucleic Acids
• Nucleotides (sugar,
phosphate, base)
What are two necessary elements
for organic compounds?
• A. carbon and nitrogen
• B. carbon and oxygen
• C. carbon and hydrogen
ANSWER: C and H
Which are characteristics of plant
cells?
•
•
•
•
•
•
A. Have chloroplasts
B. Undergo cellular respiration
C. Go through mitosis and meiosis
D. Have centrioles
E. Have cell walls
F. photosynthesize
ANSWER: All except D
Which are characteristics of animal
cells?
•
•
•
•
•
•
A. Have chloroplasts
B. Undergo cellular respiration
C. Go through mitosis and meiosis
D. Have centrioles
E. Have cell walls
F. photosynthesize
ANSWER: B,C, D
Osmosis in Plant Cells
• Water moves from hypo to hypertonic
High salt on outside
equal in and out
Low salt on outside
If a plant wilts, which organelle will
most be affected?
• A. nucleus
• B. large
central vacuole
• C. lysosomes
• D. chloroplasts
• ANSWER: B
What was done to slide B of human
cheek cells?
•A
• B
• Not stained
stained
If a cell was placed in distilled
water for 15 minutes, what would
happen?
•
•
•
•
A. Cell would swell and burst
B. Cell would shrink
C. Cell would not change
HINT: water moves from
hypo to hypertonic
•
ANSWER: A
Identify the site of:
• A. where
proteins are
repackaged
• B. cellular
respiration
• C. protein
synthesis
Identify the site of:
• A. where proteins are
repackaged -Golgi
• B. cellular respiration
- mitochondrion
• C. protein synthesis ribosome
Where is the site of:
• A. microtubules
used in cell
division in animal
cells only
• B. Rough ER
11
Where is the site of:
• A. microtubules
used in cell
division in animal
cells only (11)
• B. Rough ER (6)
11
In eukaryotic cells, asexual cell
division is called:
•
•
•
•
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. centrosome
D. cytokinesis
• ANSWER: “A” Mitosis makes somatic
(body) cells and meiosis makes sex
cells
What are the numbers?
•
•
•
•
•
DIPLOID(2n)
50
18
46
Which are human
somatic cells?
•
•
•
•
HAPLOID (n)
25
9
23
• 46 (somatic or body)
–diploid (mitosis)
• 23 (sex)-haploid
(meiosis)
Put the phases of mitosis in order:
• Metaphase telophase anaphase prophase
• ANSWER: PMAT
In which phase is DNA replicated?
G1 (gap 1)
G2 (gap 1)
S (synthesis)
M (mitosis)
ANSWER: S
Which of the following is not true
of a gamete?
•
•
•
•
A. female is an egg
B. male is sperm
C. produced by mitosis
D. can fuse with one another to form a
zygote
• ANSWER: C
What is the normal number of
chromosomes in a normal body
human cell?
•
•
•
•
92
46
23
21
• ANSWER: 46
What process is shown?
• A. mutation
• B. nondisjunction
• C. independent
assortment
• D. crossing over
• ANSWER: D
Identify if a property of (P)
photosynthesis or of (CR) cellular
respiration:
•
•
•
•
•
Gives off oxygen
Gives off carbon dioxide
Uses sunlight
Makes ATP
Makes glucose
Identify if a property of (P)
photosynthesis or of (CR) cellular
respiration:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gives off oxygen P
Gives off carbon dioxide CR
Uses sunlight P
Makes ATP CR
Makes glucose P
Uses oxygen to burn glucose CR
In what organelle do these
processes happen?
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• ANSWER: chloroplast
• CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• ANSWER: mitochondrion
The most ATP is made in what
process?
•
•
•
•
A. Glycolysis -anaerobic
B. Kreb’s cycle -aerobic
C. ETC and chemiosmosis -aerobic
D. Lactic Acid Fermentation -anaerobic
The most ATP is made in what
process?
•
•
•
•
A. Glycolysis (2) -anaerobic
B. Kreb’s cycle (2)-aerobic
C. ETC and chemiosmosis (34)-aerobic
D. Lactic Acid Fermentation (2)-anaerobic
• ANSWER: C
What is the name of the pigment
that captures the most sunlight?
•
•
•
•
A. carotenoids
B. chlorophyll
C. Xanthophylls
D. melanin
• ANSWER: B
Fermentation is not as effective as
cellular respiration because:
• A. it uses more ATP than it produces
• B. it does not use all the water supplied to
it
• C. it loses electrons to the cell during its
reactions
• D. it does not completely break down
glucose
• ANSWER: D
What is the source of nearly all the
oxygen in the world?
•
•
•
•
A. decayed matter
B. splitting of water
C. splitting of carbon dioxide
D. breaking down of glucose
• ANSWER: B
Plants store their extra glucose in a
large carbohydrate polymer called:
•
•
•
•
A. proteins
B. fat or lipid
C. glycerol
D. starch
• ANSWER: D
The greenhouse effect is:
• A. decreased by photosynthesis (takes out
CO2)
• B. increased by photosynthesis
• C. decreased by burning fossil fuels
• D. increased by burning fossil fuels (puts in
CO2)
• Greenhouse Effect - animated diagram (link)
• Photosynthesis diagram (link)
• ANSWER: both A and D
Autotrophs that utilize light as their
energy source are:
•
•
•
•
A. chemosynthetic
B. photosynthetic
C. carnivores
D. herbivores
• ANSWER: B
Where is the energy released from
in ATP?
•
•
•
•
A. Between the last two phosphates
B. Between the adenine and a phosphate
C. Between the adenine and the ribose
D. Between the ribose and a phosphate
• ANSWER: A
An organic compound that has a
ratio of 2:1 of H:O is a(n):
•
•
•
•
A. carbohydrate
B. lipid
C. protein
D. nucleic acid
• ANSWER: A. carbohydrate
A protein that ends in –”ase” that
speeds up organic chemical
reactions is:
•
•
•
•
•
A. lipids
B. organics
C. carriers
D. enzymes
ANSWER: D
What is (are) the reactant (s)?
• CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
• ANSWER: CO2 and H2O
• Products are on the right
•You are fools for
not paying
attention.
How many protons are in Na?
23
Na
11
P + n (subtract 23-11
for n)
P (same as e-)
• ANSWER: 11 protons
• 12 neutrons
11 electrons
Catalyst proteins that controls
chemical reactions are called:
•
•
•
•
A. enzymes
B. carbohydrates
C. ATP
D. nucleic acids
• ANSWER: enzymes
RNA and DNA are:
•
•
•
•
A. carbohydrates
B. nucleic acids
C. lipids
D. proteins
• ANSWER: B
Lipids are combinations of:
•
•
•
•
A. amino acids
B. ribose + phosphates
C. fatty acids + glycerol
D. monosaccharides
• ANSWER: C
What is the function of each?
•
•
•
•
Carbohydrate
Protein
Nucleic acid
Lipid
•
•
•
•
Energy for cells
Skin, muscles, etc.
Genetic info
Energy storage and
cell membranes
Underline Which is Correct
•
•
•
•
T = dominant or recessive
And t = dominant or recessive
Tt = heterozygous or homozygous
TT, and tt = heterozygous or
homozygous
Underline Which is Correct
•
•
•
•
T = dominant or recessive
And t = dominant or recessive
Tt = heterozygous or homozygous
TT, tt = heterozygous or homozygous
TT, RR, HH are all:
•
•
•
•
•
A. homozygous recessive
B. homozygous dominant
C. heterozygous recessive
D. heterozygous dominant
ANSWER: B
What are the male and female
chromosome symbols?
• MALE
• ANSWER: XY
• FEMALE
• ANSWER: XX
Alternate forms of a gene, like
purple and white flowers, are:
•
•
•
•
A. traits
B. alleles
C. points
D. telomeres
• ANSWER: B
What are the ratios for the cross of
Ss x Ss?
• A. phenotypic
• B. genotypic
• S=smooth
• And s=rough
What are the ratios for the cross of
Ss x Ss?
• A. phenotypic 3 Smooth:1rough
• B. genotypic 1 SS: 2:Ss:1ss
S
• S=smooth
s
• And s=rough
S
s
SS
Ss
Ss
ss
Genotype and Phenotype?
• Which is the genotype?
• TT : Tt : tt
Tall : short
• Genotype are the letters, TT, Tt , tt
• Phenotype is the description:
Tall : short
Thomas Morgan discovered sex
linked traits in the fruit fly.
• How many male Brown eyed flies are
predicted?
• B= brown and b=blue
• ANSWER: 100% brown
males
Sex-linked Trait Problem
• In humans, red-green color-blindness is a
sex-linked trait located on the X
chromosomes.
• Normal vision (XN) is dominant to colorblindness (Xn).
• Using a Punnett square, cross a
heterozygous female with a male that has
normal vision.
Did you use these parents?
XN
XN
Y
Xn
Did you fill in these offspring?
XN
Xn
XN
N
N
X X
N
n
X X
Y
X NY
XnY
What is the genotypic ratio?
XN
Xn
XN
N
N
X X
N
n
X X
Y
X NY
XnY
Genotypic: Females 1 XNXN : 1 XNXn
Males: 1 XNY : 1 XnY
What is the phenotypic ratio?
XN
Xn
XN
N
N
X X
N
n
X X
Y
X NY
XnY
Genotypic: Females all Normal
Males: 1 Normal : 1 colorblind
CONTRAST
• Mitosis
• Meiosis
• 2N to 2N (diploid)
• Makes somatic
(body) cells
• Humans: 46 somatic
cells
• Has 1 division
• 2N to N (haploid)
• Makes sex cells
• Humans: 23 sex
cells
• Has 2 divisions
What is this chart called?
• Punnett
• Karyotype
• Pedigree
• ANSWER:
• karyotype
What is this genetic disorder?
•
•
•
•
Down
Klinefelter’s
Turner’s
Marfan
• ANSWER:
Down Syndrome
What is this genetic disorder?
•
•
•
•
Down syndrome
Klinefelter’s
Turner’s
Marfan
trisomy 21
XXY
XO
What is this chart called?
• Punnett
• Pedigree
• Karyotype
• ANSWER: Pedigree
B=brown eyes b=blue eyes
bb=shaded
• What is the genotype of parent I-1?
• ANSWER: Bb
How many children did I-1 and I-2
have?
• A. 2
B. 3 C. 4
• ANSWER: 4
D. 7
What is the sex of the child at the
arrow?
• ANSWER: male
Match the scientists:
• A. Founder of
Genetics, pea plants
• B. Father of
Evolution, natural
selection
• C. Found the
structure of DNA
• D. Acquired traits
•
•
•
•
1. Watson,Crick
2. Mendel
3. Darwin
4. Lamarck
• ANSWER: A-2
• B-3
• C-1
D-4
What is the complementary DNA
strand?
•
ATC C GA CTAG G
• TAGGCTGATCC
• A-T C-G for DNA to DNA
What is the complementary RNA
strand?
•
ATC C GA CTAG G
• UAGGCUGAUCC
• DNA – RNA
• (no T’s)
A-U C-G
What would be…
• DNA
ATC
mRNA?
____
tRNA?
____
What would be…
• DNA
ATC
mRNA?
UAG
tRNA?
AUC