Transcript Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis
From DNA to Proteins!
What is a gene?
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A small segment of DNA that provides
instructions for making proteins
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Gene
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What is a protein?
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Amino acids (monomers) linked
(bonded) together!
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From DNA (gene) to protein?
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The nucleotide order is copied in the
nucleus into a message (mRNA) =
Transcription (DNA stays in the nucleus)
The “messengerRNA” is sent to the
ribosome
C =G
G=C
T=A
A=U
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Transcription
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Proteins are made in the
ribosomes!
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Three nucleotides (bases) make a
“codon”
Each codon is a message to bring in
one amino acid (using tRNA)
The amino acids are linked together to
form the protein
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Translation
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Practice!
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In RNA, U (uracil) is substituted for T
(thymine)
DNA =
GGG
CCC
ATA
mRNA =
CCC
GGG
UAU
Amino Acid = Pro
Gly
Tyr
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Examples of proteins
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Sucrase (breaks down sucrose / sugar)
Helicase (unwinds DNA during replication)
Keratin (hair and nails)
Melanin (pigment in skin, hair and eyes)
Collagen (found in tendons and skin)
Insulin (regulates blood sugar)
Antibodies (fight invading bacteria)
Myosin (main protein of muscle fiber)
P53 (tumor/ cancer suppressor)
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