Transcript Document
Ch.3 The Molecules Of Cells What kind of molecule is spider silk? A protein What molecule codes for all proteins including spider silk? DNA What can spider silk be used for? Bullet proof vests, surgical thread and fishing line. What are two major life molecules illustrated in this section? DNA and Proteins What is the most important element in life’s molecules? Carbon What do we call carbon containing compounds? Organic What kind and how many bonds can carbon form with other atoms? 4 Covalent bonds What do we call compounds made up of hydrogens and carbons? Hydrocarbons What are the chains of carbons in these compounds called? Carbon skeletons QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. These two molecules have the same formula C6H12O6, but different structures. What are they called? Isomers What is different about the structures? The location of the oxygen QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. What is a functional group? Anything attached to a carbon skeleton What do we call molecules that are polar and attracted to water? Hydrophilic Copy each functional group and its name Isomer Lab Sugar Glucose Molecular Color Formula C6H12O6 Fructose Galactose Sucrose Lactose Maltose C12H22O11 Texture Taste Isomer Lab cont. Hypothesis - Do you think all the sugars will be sweet? Will they all taste the same? Explain your answers. Conclusion questions Did all the sugars taste the same? Which was the sweetest? Which was the least sweet? Explain why there might have been differences Isomer lab notes To make a sucrose C12H22O11 requires putting a glucose C6H12O6 and fructose C6H12O6 together. Can you explain why the numbers do not match? It should be C12H24O12 When you put two molecules together you must remove a water H2O. C12H24O12 - H2O C12H22O11 This picture shows the making of a polymer from ________. Monomers When polymers are made the process is called________ Dehydration synthesis What are the names of the monomers to the left? Glucose What polymer was made? Maltose From your lab, how is maltose different from glucose? Taste, color and texture. It is not very sweet, brown and stickier. QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. What is going on in this picture? A polymer is being broken down What is the name of the process? Hydrolysis If I were to break apart DNA or proteins during digestion, what process would I use in my stomach? Hydrolysis How many carbons in the glucose molecule on the left? 6 Is the ring still glucose? Yes, it still has 6 Carbons What are the simplist carbohydrates like glucose and fructose called? Monosaccharides All carbohydrates have a common ratio, what is it? CH2O Does your data from the lab match the data on the left? For some of you this may be yes, others no What is the name for all the carbohydrate polymers on the left? Polysaccharides What is starch used for? Energy storage in plants What is glycogen used for? Energy storage in animals What is cellulose used for? Cell walls of plant cells What are some of the differences between them? Cellulose has a lot of branches, Glycogen and starch always have the oxygens on the top of the ring. What type of large molecule is being made here? Lipid (Fat) How many fatty acids are being added to the glycerol? 3 How many water would need to be taken out in this dehydration reaction? 3, for every bond that is made one water is removed QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. All lipids fear water which is called ______ Hydrophobic What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat? Saturated fats do not have double bonds between carbons but unsaturated fats do. This is a phospholipid, why is it important? It makes up cell membranes The phosphate is negative so how will it behave toward water? It is attracted to water What type of molecule is this? A steroid What are some steroids? Cholesterol, male and female hormones like testosterone and estrogen What is an anabolic steroid? The steroids body builders take to build muscle What polymer is your hair made up of? Protein What is one of the most important types of proteins? Enzymes How many classes of proteins are there? 7 List them Signal, structural, enzyme, storage, defensive, transport and contractile What are the functional groups in this molecule? Carboxyl and amino What is this molecule called? Amino acid Amino acids also have a part that is different for each one, what is that called? The R group What is the R group on Cysteine? CH2-SH What do hydrophobic and hydrophilic mean? Hydrophobic - water fearing, hydrophilicwater loving What happens when you put two amino acids together? You lose water and make a peptide bond What two atoms have the peptide bond between them? N and C Every protein has a unique _______ Shape When a protein loses its specific shape, it is called ________ Denaturation What things can cause denaturation? Changes in salt concentration, heat and pH The shape of a protein is determined by its _____ Structure The first part of its structure is called the _______ structure Primary Primary structure is the sequence of _________ Amino acids QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. The next part of a proteins shape is determined by its ______ structure Secondary There are two types ____ and _____ Helix and pleated sheets After the primary structure it immediately folds into the secondary structure because of ______ bonds between the amino acids Hydrogen QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. After the secondary structure the protein immediately folds in the _______ structure Tertiary This is due to the ______ groups interacting R QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. Some proteins like collagen and hemoglobin fold into _______ structures Quaternary These happen when ____ or more peptide chains come together 2 QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. Name the 4 different structures of a protein Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary Which one is not necessarily part of all proteins? quaternary Name the three components of a nucleotide Sugar,nitrogenous base and phosphate group Nucleotides are the monomers of _______ Nucleic acids What does A always match with? T What is contained with the DNA? Genes Every G matches with _______ C DNA structure The shape of DNA is described as a ______ Double helix What are the differences between RNA and DNA RNA - ribose sugar, Uracil instead of Thymine (U instead of T), single strand DNA- Deoxyribose, double helix QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture.