Transcript Farm Policy Study Group

Livestock Perspectives on
Bio-energy co-products
Feeding DDGS to IN Livestock
Specie
Swine
Dairy
Repl. Heifers
Poultry
Beef/cow-calf
Diet inclusion
10%
20%
30%
10%
var.
TOTAL
tons / year
274,950
263,000
70,000
177,390
47,477
832,817
Est. production of DDGS = 1.4 M tons
60%
DDGS Nutritional Issues
1. Variability in available amino acids
–
–
Lys digestibility range = 60 to 84%
Novus Intl. in vitro assay (r2 = 0.88)
Amino Acid Digestibility (%)
100
Digestibility (%)
90
80
70
60
50
40
Lysine
30
Methionine
Threonine
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
Sample Number
Novus Intl., 2006
High Dig. Lys.
Low Dig. Lys.
DDGS Nutritional Issues
1. Variability in available amino acids
–
Lys digestibility range = 60 to 84%
2. Variability in available energy
–
ME ranges between 2629 to 2981 kcal/kg
3. Variability in phosphorus
Corn
DDGS
Total P, %
0.3
0.75
Available P, % total P
20 to 30%
60 to 80%
DDGS Nutritional Issues
4. Variability in sodium content (corn=0.02%)
– 0.05 to 0.17% Typical diet = 0.18%
5. Pelleting – molasses “balls” from solubles
cause “gumming” of dies reducing throughput
and pellet durability
6. INCONSISTENCY (w/in & between plants)
7. Mycotoxins (concentrated 3X)
8. Sulfur content (0.4 to 0.8 vs corn = 0.12)
SBM vs DDGS
• DDGS contains 62% of the protein of SBM
SBM = 44 or 48
DDGS = 27
• DDGS contains 30% of the total lysine of
SBM
SBM = 2.83
DDGS = 0.84
• DDGS contains 16% of the available lysine
SBM = 2.41
DDGS = 0.39
Feed Manufacturing Issues
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•
•
Flow rates (handling / transportation)
Bridging- bad with high inclusion rates
Particle size? ( < 400 to > 600 um)
Separation/settling issues?
Pelletability?
Wet feeding - spoilage
Other Issues / Unknowns with DDGS
• Effect on Animal Performance (including
reproductive performance) ?
• Effect on Product Quality ?
Other Issues / Unknowns with DDGS
• Effect on Animal Performance (including
reproductive performance) ?
• Effect on Product Quality ?
• Effect on Nutrient Management ?
• Producer Education
Processing Methods or Technologies
1. Conventional dry grind
Co-products in Dry Grind Corn Process
One bushel of Corn
Corn Dry Grind Facility
2.5-2.7 gal of
Ethanol
15-17 lbs of
DDGS
Ruminant Feed
Nonruminant Food
V. Singh, UIUC
Processing Methods or Technologies
1. Conventional dry grind
2. Modified dry grind – recovers germ and
pericarp fiber with a horizontal drum
degerminator
3. Quick germ quick fiber – recovers germ and
pericarp fiber by soaking corn in water for 6
to 12 hours with alpha-amylase
Coproducts from Modified Dry Grind and
Quick Germ Quick Fiber Processes
Corn Dry Grind Facility
One bushel Corn
Dry Degerm
Defiber
Process
4 lb
Germ
+
4 lb
2.6 gal
Ethanol
7.0 lb
Residual
DDGS
Ruminant Food
Pericarp
Fiber
Nonruminant Food
V. Singh, UIUC
Effect of Processing Technology on
Nutrient Content of DDGS (%)1
Conventional
dry grind
Modified
dry grind
Quick germ
quick fiber
Protein
21
25
28
Fat
14
9
6
Fiber (TDF)
36
28
25
Component
Lysine
0.73
0.63
0.91
Phosphorus, %
0.78
0.47
1.12
1
dry matter basis.
Parsons et al., 2006
Processing Methods or Technologies
1. Conventional dry grind
2. Modified dry grind – recovers germ and
pericarp fiber with a horizontal drum
degerminator
3. Quick germ quick fiber – recovers germ and
pericarp fiber by soaking corn in water for 6
to 12 hours with alpha-amylase
4. Enzymatic Dry Grind (E-Mill) – uses
enzymes to recover additional endosperm
fiber
Coproducts from Enzymatic Dry Grind (E-Mill)
Corn Dry Grind Facility
One bushel Corn
Quick
Germ
3.3 lb
Germ
Quick
Fiber
4 lb
Pericar
p Fiber
2.6 gal
Ethanol
E-Mill
3.7 lb
Residual
DDGS
4 lb
Endosper
m Fiber
Ruminant Food
Nonruminant Food
V. Singh, UIUC
Overall Issues with DDGS
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Product Variation
Handling, Storage, Transportation
Effect on Animal Performance
Effect on Product Quality
Effect on Nutrient Management
Producer Education
Glycerol from Bio-diesel
• ~ 10% of production
• What to do with off-spec for human /
industrial use?
• Can use up to 10% in diets (CHO energy +)
• Purity vs. cost?
• Pellet binder?
• Change in animal fat composition / amount
• Handling issues?
Helpful Resources
• http://www.ddgs.umn.edu/
• http://ilift.traill.uiuc.edu/distillers/