Transcript ORGANIC MOLECULES

ORGANIC
MOLECULES
PROTEINS
Protein-Rich Foods
• Poultry
• Red Meat
• Shellfish
and fish
• Milk
• Yogurt
• Eggs
• Figs
• Nuts and Beans
• Apricots, Cherries,
Grapes, Bananas
• Avocados.
PROTEINS
• Made of: C, H, O, N
• Monomer (subunit): Amino Acid
• Function: Help the growth and
maintenance of cells
• Another name for a protein is a
polypeptide.
AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES
• Amino acids are also called “peptides”
• A bond between two amino acids is
called a “peptide bond.”
• Three names for the same molecule:
– Amino acid chain
– polypeptide
– protein
AMINO ACID STRUCTURE
• Amino acids are made of:
– Central carbon (one carbon in the
middle)
– 4 groups attached to the carbon
• Amino group (NH2 or NH3+)
• Carboxyl group (COOH or COO-)
• Hydrogen group (H)
• Random group (Also called a “side group” or
“R-group”)
Example of an Amino Acid
Where is the
•
Hydrogen Group?
•
Amino Group?
•
Carboxyl Group?
•
R-Group?
Carboxyl Group
Amino Group
Hydrogen Group
R - Group
More Practice!
Hydrogen
Group
Where is the:
•
Hydrogen Group?
•
Amino Group?
•
Carboxyl Group?
•
R-Group?
Carboxyl
Group
Amino Group
R-Group
One More!
Hydrogen
Group
Where is the:
• Hydrogen Group?
• Amino Group?
• Carboxyl Group?
• R-Group?
Amino Group
Carboxyl
Group
R-Group
THE R – GROUP
• There are 20 different R-groups (below are six of the 20)
• The R-group gives the amino acid its particular properties
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
• There are 4 stages that proteins go
through while being made
– Primary (1*) (the first step)
– Secondary (2*) (the second step)
– Tertiary (3*) (the third step)
– Quaternary (4*) (the fourth step)
PRIMARY STRUCTURE (1st)
• First, the amino acids
need to be put into the
correct order
• (like putting beads on a
necklace)
SECONDARY STRUCTURE (2nd)
• Next, the primary structure (the string of beads)
begins to fold or coil up.
• Different parts of the primary structure will coil (called
alpha helices), and other parts will fold (called Betapleated sheets)
TERTIARY STRUCTURE (3rd)
• Next, the
secondary
structure folds
up on itself (the
coils and folds
all fold up on
themselves to
make a big
ball)
QUATERNARY STRUCTURE (4th)
• Two or more tertiary
structures bonded
together.
• Video Clip: Protein
Structure Folding
Keratin
Gives Strength to:
– Skin
– Hair/Fur
– Nails
– Hooves
– Horns
– Teeth
Muscles
Tissue that allows
movement of and
within the body
– Skeletal muscle
(attached to bones)
– Cardiac muscle
(makes up the heart)
– Smooth muscle
(makes up stomach,
diaphragm)
Hemoglobin
• A protein in blood cells that helps transport
oxygen to tissues in the body
Antibodies
• Proteins in the blood that help defend the
body against diseases and infections
Enzymes
Proteins that help control
reactions in a cell (like
break down food).