Transcript Opening Questions - Belle Vernon Area School District

Opening Questions
1. What is the first thing that
comes to you mind when you
hear the words:
Muscle
Blood
Exercise
Learning Outcomes
• 1. Summarize the categories of
• Proteins
• 2. Provide examples of their
biological functions
PROTEINS
An organic molecule because
it contains
CARBON attached to a hydrogen
They are long strands so
they are considered
POLYMERS
Structure of a PROTEIN
Proteins are long strands
(polymers) of AMINO ACIDS
Amino Acids contain TWO
function groups
(chemical uniqueness
attached to the carbon skeleton.
(represent by letter R)
Amino Acids have one CARBOXYL
(COOH) function group attached
to its carbon skeleton
The carboxyl group makes it
ACIDIC
They also have an AMINO (NH2)
functional group attached to its
carbon skeleton.
This is why we call them
AMINO ACIDS
The bonds that attach them to
the carbon skeleton are covalent
bonds known as PEPTIDE
BONDS
Many peptide bonds are called
POLYPEPTIDE bonds
Scientists have discovered 50
different amino acids.
Living things only 20 of these to
make proteins for use in their
bodies and cells.
8 are considered essential
The other 12 are non-essential
we can make in our bodies.
Amino Acid SIDE GROUPS
Side groups make each amino
acid unique.
There are three groups
IONIC
POLAR
NON-POLAR
2 Main Shapes of a Protein
The shape of a protein is important
to its function
Fibrous Proteins
Have a rod shape
Found in our hair, skin, ligaments,
bones, fingernails and other
connective tissue
Globular Proteins
Have a round or irregular shape
Hemoglobin in our blood
Enzymes
• Proteins can be very small
with only 100 amino acids
Or they can be very large
with more than 33,000
amino acids.
• The reason larger proteins
can fit into our bodies is
because they twist and fold
on itself to fit in the body
Functions of Proteins
1. Support
Ex Collagen in skin
Human Growth Hormone
2. Metabolism
Ex Amylase in saliva
3. Regulation
Ex. Hormones such as Insulin
4. Transportation
Ex Hemoglobin in Blood
5. Defense
Ex. Antibodies in our white
blood cells
6. Motion
Ex. Actin found in muscles for
contraction
Wrap It Up
• 1. Proteins are ORGANIC because
they contain CARBON attached
to a hydrogen
• 2. When amino acids bond
together they are held by
peptide bonds
• 3. When they bond together
they form long chains of amino
acids called polypeptides
• 4. Polypeptides form Proteins…
• 5. Hence proteins are long chains
of amino acids
• Monomers/Building blocks:
• Amino acids
• Elements: C, H, O and N
• Functions: support,
transportation, regulation,
metabolism, defense, motion
• Examples: Hemoglobin, Insulin,
Human Growth Hormone (HGH)