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Eggs as a Source of High Quality Protein Shelly McKee Auburn University American Egg Board EGG COMPOSITION Albumen 57% –55% Thick –21% Inner thin –21% Outer thin –3% Chalaziferous layer 100% Egg yolk 32% (an emulsion) –size depends on –age of hen –what stage of reproduction hen was in when the egg was laid Egg Shell 11% EGG COMPOSITION H20(%) Prot(%) Fat(%) Carb (%) Ash(%) Whole egg 65.5 11.8 11.0 .3-1.0 .8 -1.0 Albumen 88.0 11.0 11.0 .4 -.9 .5 -.6 Egg yolk 48.0 17.5 32.5 .2-1.0 1.1 Shell 1.6 3.3 Tr. ----- 95.1 EGG COMPOSITION Whole egg % Solids 26 (interior) 34 (w/shell) Albumen 12 Egg yolk 51 Shell 98.4 Albumen from older hen has a lower % solids EGG PROTEINS Functionality in foods Nutritional benefit EGG PROTEIN FUNCTIONALITY IN FOODS Viscosity Coagulation –(Protein-protein interactions) Gelation-water binding Emulsification Foaming Proteins improve mouthfeel, texture and flavor in many food systems Food Proteins What are Proteins and Why are they Important in Nutrition? Long chain of amino acids required by the body Approximately one-half of the nonwater mass of the human body is protein Essential for growth, repair, replacement of muscle tissues, hair, finger nails Proteins compose some structural parts of the body such as cartilage and tendons Protein is a term derived from the Greek and means "of first importance." What are Proteins and Why are they Important? Used in the production of antibodies for the immune system to combat infection Function as enzymes and regulators of metabolic processes such as digestion Protein is a term derived from the Greek and means "of first importance." When human beings eat proteins, the body breaks them apart and uses the amino acids to build new proteins necessary for growth and repair of body tissues. Proteins Dietary amino acids Metabolic amino acids Amino acid pool Synthesis of new protein Synthesis of new protein REQUIRES ALL ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS IN THE RIGHT PROPORTION Not all proteins are created equal !! Biological Value Egg protein is the protein by which all other proteins are compared for determining biological value to human nutrition The scale is based on a total score of 100 which represents top efficiency (BV equals the amount of nutrients available in a food or supplement that can be efficiently and effectively utilized by the body) Whole egg has a BV of 93.7 Biological value of a protein is determined by the amount and proportion of essential amino acids it provides Animal sources have highest biological value protein Eggs and Nutrition •Egg Nutrition Profile Calories 80 Protein 6.3 g Total fat 5g monounsaturated polyunsaturated saturated fat cholesterol 213 mg carbohydrates 0.6 g sodium 63 mg 2g 0.7 g 1.5 g Egg protein has the highest biological value of any protein available in nature Why Eggs??? Eggs contain all the essential amino acids (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine) plus the other nine nonessential amino acids in a pattern quite similar to the amino acid profile the human body requires. Egg protein is considered to be a "complete" protein Eggs can easily be used to fortify the protein content of many food products Protein Requirements for Children Daily values Ages 1 to 3 - 1300 calories and 16 grams protein Ages 4 to 6 - 1800 calories and 24 grams protein Ages 7 to 10 - 2000 calories and 28 grams protein