Transcript The Renaissance

The Renaissance
The Age of Discovery
1300-1500
Made by: Sarah Gilliam and Lena Han
Transition from the Medieval World to the
Renaissance
• When Constantinople fell to the Muslim Turks in 1453, Byzantine
Christians fled to the West
• These refugees brought with them classical scholarship that had
originally been lost to the West
• Medieval artists who originally strove to suggest strong spiritual
characters started exploring ways to suggest actual figures standing in
realistic landscapes during the Renaissance
• An increased interest in this world, rather than the spiritual world,
was emphasized (Humanism).
Humanism
• Humanism emphasizes the importance of human beings, their
actions, and inherent individual value
• Focus of education shifted to the humanities: grammar, rhetoric,
history, poetry, and moral philosophy
• Tried to produce people more engaged in civic life
• Attention shifted to Jesus’s life and the early martyred saints
• Increased emphasis on materialism, leading to the beginning of
capitalism
Secularism
• Dealing with non-religious matter
• Closely related to humanism, the philosophy, literature, and art of the
Renaissance began to include themes more related to humans
• For example, Shakespeare wrote plays about themes such as jealousy,
love, and political power
Individualism
• Belief in individual values of each person in society
• Attention did not shift away from religion. Rather, it shifted to the
individual person’s relationship to God
• Celebrated things that made each person different, including
appearance, personalities, talents, and skills
Classicism
• Renaissance comes from the word “rebirth”, referring to the
reemergence of classical ideals
• Renewed interest in art and learning of Greeks and Romans
• People began studying long-forgotten books written during the
Classical Age
• Borrowed Greek and Roman architecture and sculpture
Two separate Renaissances in Europe
The Southern Renaissance
• Italy
• Focused on accurate visual
structure (Perspective)
• Ideal beauty
• Fresco and Tempura Paint
The Northern Renaissance
• The Netherlands, France, and
Germany
• Oil Paints on altarpieces
• Intense Realism
• Protestant Reformation and
Counter Reformation
Beginning of Southern Renaissance
• Double shelled Dome design, developed by Brunelleschi
• Based on Roman arches and domes
Dome of the Florence Cathedral
Beginning of Southern Renaissance
• Greater emphasis on naturalism
• Sculpture was influenced by the Greeks
David, by Donatello
First freestanding nude statue
High Renaissance
• Leonardo Da Vinci was an inventor, architect, engineer, painter,
sculptor, scientist, and musician, the epitome of a Renaissance Man.
• Sfumato, coming from the Italian word fumo, meaning smoke, is the
use of mellowed colors and a blurred outline.
Mona Lisa
High Renaissance
• Michelangelo was the most well-known sculptor of the Renaissance.
David
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
High Renaissance
• Linear and Atmospheric Perspective
The School of Athens
(Philosophy), Raphael
Sanzio
The School of Athens, Raphael
Pythagoras
Socrates
Diogenes
Euclid
Aristotle
Plato
The School of Athens, Raphael Cont.
• Includes statues of Apollo and Athena
• Vanishing point in the piece is between Plato and Aristotle
• Was painted using fresco on one of the walls in the Pope’s library at
the Vatican
• Also is known as the wall representing Philosophy
• Part of the Stanza della Segnatura.
High Renaissance
• Tintoretto combines some Mannerist techniques with Charioscuro
• Mannerism: works characterized by the distortion of certain elements
such as perspective, the use of acidic colors, and the twisted
positioning of subjects
• Chiaroscuro: dramatic contrasts of light and dark
The Temptation of Adam
Northern Renaissance
• More focus put towards real aspects of society.
• Portrayed all types of citizens. (Both peasants and nobility)
• Famous for mainly oil paintings on wood.
• Used atmospheric perspective.
The Peasant
Dance, Peter
Brueghel
The Four
Horsemen,
Durer
The Van Eycks
• Hubert Van Eyck was a very popular artist during the Renaissance, but
he now is overshadowed by his brother Jan Van Eyck, who took over
the Ghent Altarpiece once Hubert died.
• Jan Van Eyck also made the Arnolfini Wedding, one of his more
famous pieces.
The Ghent
Altarpiece
The Arnolfini
Wedding
Ghent Altarpiece
Open view
Closed view