Transcript A report published August 2006 demonstrated that peptide YY:

CQ 11-1
A report published August 2006
demonstrated that peptide YY:
A - is upregulated by eating protein
B - is a protein found in sperm
C - is a protein that regulates male
sexual behavior
Announcements
• Midterm Study
– Focus on concepts in lecture (reading as supplement)
– Online quiz
– Downloads
• Practice midterm without answers
• With answers
• Quiz key and study guide
– URLs that might help you with studying
• download section for Lec 13
• Discussion Philosophy
Lecture 11: Cellular
Respiration
Monday 10/20/08
Reading Chapter 9 Pgs 162-180
Web Activities: 9.2, 9.4
Online Lecture 11 Quiz
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11-1
Figure 6.10 The ATP cycle
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11-2
• Mitochondria
– Site of cellular respiration in all eukaryotic cells
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11-3
Defects in mitochondrial function
• Degenerative diseases, cancer, aging
• Inherited mitochondrial diseases
(1:4000 births)
• Muscle weakness
• Degenerative disease of the CNS
• Metabolic disturbances marked by high
levels of lactic acid
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11-4
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Inherited mitochondria disorder
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Seizures: onset 1
month
• Delayed gross and fine
motor skill
development
• Generalized muscle
weakness
3/25/98-6/9/03
Cellular Respiration
• Relocation of electrons from food to oxygen
– Released energy used to synthesize ATP
• General redox reaction:
– Two components
• Oxidation- Removal of electrons from one substance
• Reduction- Addition of electrons to a substance
Reactants Xe-
+
Y
X
+
Ye-
Products
Y will be reduced
X will be oxidized
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11-5
• Redox equation for cellular respiration
Will be oxidized
C6H12O6
+
6O2
6CO2
+ 6H2O
will be reduced
ATP
• Glucose is oxidized (Hs and their
electrons will be removed) to CO2
• Oxygen is reduced (Hs will be added) to
H2O
• Energy is released
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11-6
Cellular respiration: controlled explosion
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11-7
• NAD+ : Shuttles electrons from fuel to electron
transport chain
– Dehydrogenase enzymes strip 2 H atoms (2 electrons
and 2 protons) from fuel
• One H atom + 1 extra electron passed to NAD+ to form NADH
• One H ion (H+ : proton minus electron) released to solution
CC #11
With this hydroxyl containing molecule as fuel,
complete the equation of the reaction described above.
Circle the reactant molecule that will be oxidized?
H - C - OH + ____
______ + ______ + ___
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11-8
• NAD+ : Shuttles electrons from fuel to electron
transport chain
– Dehydrogenase enzymes strip 2 H atoms (2 electrons
and 2 protons) from fuel
• One H atom + 1 extra electron passed to NAD+ to form NADH
• One H ion (H+ : proton minus electron) released to solution
CC# 11
With this hydroxyl containing molecule as fuel,
complete the equation of the reaction described above.
Circle the reactant molecule that will be oxidized?
Dehydrogenase
H - C - OH + NAD
_____+
______
_____ + ____
C=O + NADH
H+
Cellular respiration: NAD+
Tennis ball shuttle
• NADH: moves electrons to transport chain
Electron Transport
Chain
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11-9
• Cellular
Respiration
– Relocation of
electrons from food
to O2
– released energy
used to synthesize
ATP
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11-10
EXTRACELLULAR
Glucose
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11-11
• Step 1: Glycolysis in cytosol
– Converts glucose to pyruvate (used in citric acid cycle)
– Generates 2 NADH, 2 H+ (used in oxidative phosph.)
– Net gain of 2 ATP
( substrate level phosphorylation)
– Requires initial energy investment
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11-12
• Substrate level phosphorylation
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11-13
QuickTime™ and a
Cinepak decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Pyruvate moves into mitochondrial matrix
– Aided by a transport protein
For each pyruvate
CO2
NADH
Acetyl CoA
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11-14
• Step 2
• Citric Acid Cycle:
mitochondrial matrix
– For each ACoA
• 2 CO2
• 3 NADH
• 1 FADH2 (another
electron carrier)
• 1 ATP
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11-15
• Step 3 Electron transport chain: inner mito. Memb.
NADH and FADH2 donate electrons
Powers proton pumps, generates proton gradient
Produces water
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11-16
• Chemiosmosis: inner
mitochondrial membrane
Intermembrane space
H+
H+
H+
H+
– The ATP synthase
molecules allow passive
transport of H+
– H+ flow through synthase
results in joining of
ADP+Pi to form ATP
(chemiosomosis).
H+
H+
H+
Inner
membrane
H+
ATP
ADP+ Pi
matrix
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11-17
Cellular respiration generates 38
ATP/glucose
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11-18
Pyruvate as a key juncture in catabolism
In: Glucose,ATP
Out: pyruvate,NADH,
H2O, 2 ATP
Ox Phos
In: NADH,
FADH2, O2
Out:H2O,
ATP
In: Acetyl CoA
Out:NADH,FADH2
ATP, CO2
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11-19
Lactic Acid Fermentation
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11-20
CQ 11-2
You have a friend who lost 15 pounds of
fat from dieting. Where did the fat go?
A) It was converted to water which weighs
much less than fat
B) It was converted to glucose, ATP produced,
CO2 and H2O released
C) It was converted to pyruvate and Acetyl
CoA, ATP produced, CO2 and H2O released
D) It was converted to amino acids and
eliminated in the urine
Lost 15 lbs of fat:
A) It was converted to water which weighs
much less than fat
B) It was converted to glucose, ATP
produced, CO2 and H2O released
C) It was converted to pyruvate and Acetyl
CoA, ATP produced, CO2 and H2O
released
D) It was converted to amino acids and
eliminated in the urine
Reading and Study Guide for Lecture 12
• Required reading
– Chapter 10 pgs. 185-203
• Recommended exercises
– Web Activities: 10.1, 10.2
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11-21
Oxidative Phosphorylation Demo
Challenge: llustrate pumping ions across
membrane, and having them flow back through
synthase
What I tried last year did not work and don’t
have a good idea for this year