Transcript Document

4.1
Energy
•SetChemical
up Cornell Notes
on and ATP
pg. 41
•Topic: Chemical Energy
and ATP
•Essential Question:
How are some organisms
able to survive without
sunlight and
photosynthesis?
•Don’t forget to add it to
your T.O.Contents!
4.1 Chemical
2.1 Atoms,
Ions, Energy and ATP
and Molecules
How are some organisms able to survive without
sunlight and photosynthesis?
Key Concept: All cells need
chemical energy
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Table Talk
• Do energy drinks or power bars
do something different from any
other foods you eat? If so, what
do they do? What causes them to
do this?
They may contain certain types of carbohydrates
that can be used more quickly and so supply
energy faster.
Note: An energy bar provides no more energy
than a bagel or banana
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
California Standard
1.f- Know that useable energy is captured
from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored
through the synthesis of sugar from carbon
dioxide.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
KEY CONCEPT
All cells need chemical energy.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
*The cells of ALL organisms need chemical
energy for ALL of their processes.
• Plants absorb energy from sunlight and some of that
energy is stored in sugars
– Cells break down sugars to produce usable chemical
energy for their functions
- Without organisms that make sugars, living things
on Earth could not survive!
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
The chemical energy used for most cell processes is
carried by adenosine triphosphate aka ATP.
• ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food
molecules to fuel all cellular functions
Remember from Ch. 2:
Energy is released
when bonds break!
– When the unstable 3rd phosphate breaks off- A blast of
energy is released!
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
+
phosphate removed
– Adenosine diphosphate aka ADP is a lower-energy
molecule than ATP with only 2 phosphates. ADP is
changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added
– A large amount of protein is needed to do this!
-
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds.
– Carbohydrates and lipids (fats) are the most important
energy sources in foods you eat
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Foods that you eat do NOT contain ATP.
– First the food must be digested, which breaks down
food into smaller molecules that can make ATP.
* The number of ATP molecules that are made during the
breakdown of food is related to the amount of calories.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly
broken down to make ATP.
– not stored in large amounts
– up to 36 ATP from one
adenosine
glucose molecule
triphosphate
ATP
tri=3
adenosine
di=2
ADP
diphosphate
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• Fats store the most energy.
– 80 percent of the energy in your body is stored in fat
• Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make
ATP.
– amino acids not usually needed for energy
– about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate
(Fats)
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Point to Ponder
• If we get our energy from food….
– Where does our food get its energy?
- Hint: Your food is probably a plant or animal
• Plants get their energy from the sun
• Animals get their energy from the plants they eat
• Ipso Facto: We all get our energy by using sunlight!
PHOTOSYNTHESIS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and
photosynthesis as a source of energy.
• Some organisms live in places
that never get sunlight.
• In chemosynthesis, chemical
energy is used to build
carbon-based molecules.
– uses chemical energy
instead of light energy