Transcript RNA - Burlington Township School District

RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
RNA uses the information
encoded in DNA to make
proteins
Structure of RNA
RNA is similar to DNA, but there
are 3 major differences.
 RNA
is single stranded, DNA is
double
 Ribose is the sugar instead of
Deoxyribose
 Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine and
Uracil (instead of Thymine)
Types of RNA
 Three
main types
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) –
transfers DNA code to
ribosomes for translation.
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) – brings
amino acids to ribosomes for
protein synthesis.
3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Ribosomes are made of rRNA
and protein.
Transcription
Transcription is the process of forming
RNA from DNA
STEPS:
1. Enzyme binds to DNA and separates
the DNA strands.
2. The same enzyme then moves along
the strand of DNA and assembles the
strand of RNA.
3. When the enzyme reaches the
termination signal, it releases and the
RNA is finished.
4. RNA moves from nucleus to cytoplasm
What does the RNA
sequence mean???
A
codon is a group of 3 letters in the
mRNA. The anticodon is the
complementary sequence found on
the tRNA.
 Each codon of the mRNA code
signal a type of amino acid, a “start
code”, or an end to a protein.
 Use the codon chart to translate the
RNA into amino acids
Genetic Codes
Translation
 Translation
is the process
by which the information in
RNA is converted into
protein.
 Proteins are long chains of
amino acids.
Translation Steps
1.
2.
3.
4.
mRNA moves to the cytoplasm
then to the ribosomes. tRNA
“reads” the mRNA until it finds
the “start” codon AUG with amino
acid methionine.
tRNA starts transfering amino
acids to ribosome and begins
assembly.
Ribosomes attach amino acids
together forming a protein chain.
Protein chain keeps growing until
a stop codon is reached.
Codons and Amino
Acids
There are 21 different types of
amino acids.
 AUG is the “start codon” and also
signals for the amino acid
methionine
 UAA, UAG, and UGA are “stop
codons” and signal the ribosome
to release the newly formed
protein.

Practice
DNA: TAC-GAG-CAA-GTC-ACT
RNA: AUG-CUC-GUU-CAG-UGA
AA: Met Leu Val Glu Stop
DNA: TGC-TAC-AGG-TCC-ATT
RNA: ACG-AUG-UCC-AGG-UAA
AA:
Met Ser Arg Stop
DNA: TGA-CCG-TAC-GTC-ATC
RNA: ACU-GGC-AUG-CAG-UAG
AA:
Met Glu Stop