Transcript Balanced diet

Balanced diet
Dr K N Prasad
Community Medicine
Definition
Balanced diet is the one which contains a variety
of foods in such quantities and proportions that
the need for energy, proteins, vitamins, minerals
and fats is adequately met for maintaining health,
vitality and general well being and also makes a
small provision for extra nutrients to withstand
short duration of leanness.
Objective is to safeguard the population from
nutritional deficiencies.
Principles of balanced diet/
Dietary goals
 it should meet the energy intake from
Protein – 10-15% of energy intake
Fats- 15-30% of energy intake
Carbohydrate – remaining
Pattern of balanced diet vary in different
parts of the world
Each country have their own standards
Determining factors
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8.
Region
Economic status
Religion
Customs
Culture
Taboos
Taste
Habits of the people
Energy
 energy requirement is defined as that level of
energy intake in relation to expenditure which
is least likely to result in obesity, heart disease
or prolong active life.
It is Individualised because
Basal metabolism- 1cal per kg body weight
per hour
Daily activities – walking, dressing, sitting, etc.
Occupational work- Light, moderate or heavy
Reference standards
 Reference man: Aged 20-30 years weighs 60kg, free
from diseases and physically fit for active work, 8
hours work, 8 hours sleep, 4-6 hours sitting or other
routine works and 2 hours in walking , recreation or in
household activities.
Reference woman: Aged 20-30 years weighs 50kg,
free from diseases and physically fit for active work, 8
hours work, 8 hours sleep, 4-6 hours sitting or other
routine works and 2 hours in walking , recreation or in
household activities.
Factors affecting energy
requirement
1.
2.
3.
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6.
Age
Sex
Body composition
Physical activity
Working conditions
Physiological state
Energy requirement- adults
Reference Man: 45 cal / kg weight/per day
Reference Woman: 40 cal / kg weight/per
day
Reference Man- per day
Light work – 2425 cal
Moderate work – 2875
cal
Heavy work – 3800 cal
Reference Woman- per day
Light work – 1875 cal
Moderate work – 2225 cal
Heavy work – 2925 cal
Energy- vulnerable group
Pregnant woman - daily reqt + 300 cal per day
Lactating mother(0-6 months) - daily reqt + 550 cal
per day
Lactating mother(7-12months) - daily reqt + 400 cal
per day
Children – rapid growth period needs 100-120 cal per
day and later on 80-90 cal per day
Puberty – requriement is same as adults
Adults – generally 2% decline of resting metabolism
for each decade for adults
After 40 years – reduce by 5% each decade till 60 years
After 60 years – reduce 10% each decade
Proteins
Infections , worm infestations, emotional
disturbances, stress situations
Protein quality ( Protein energy ratio)
=Energy from protein X 100
Total energy intake
Ratio of protein calorie to the total energy calories
Reference Man- 8.3 %
Reference Woman- 9.1%
Pregnant woman- 10%
Lactating mother-11%
If PE is less than 4 % unable to satisfy the protein
requirement
Recommended- 15-20% of total calorie intake
Protein intake
 Intake is expressed in terms of Grams per Kg body
weight
ICMR recommends 1 gram per Kg body weight for
adults
Infants – 2 Gms per kg body weight ( first 6months)
1.5 - 1.8 Gms per kg body weight till 10 years
Adolescents- 1.2 to 1.4 gms per kg body weight
During pregnancy- additional 14 gms per day
During lactation – 25 gms per day ( 0-6 months )
Protein
 no extra recommendations for elderly
higher intake of protein does not confers
great benefit
Surplus quantity intake in more harmful
than beneficial
Amino acids
 Requirement of amino acids decreases
sharply and age advances
EAA requirement expressed in Mgms per
kg body weight
Infants – 742 mg
Pre children- 352 mg
School children – 260 mg
Adults – 84 mg
Fats
During infancy – fats constitutes 50% of total
energy intake
Adults – fat constitutes 20% of total energy
intake
50% should be EFA from Vegetable oils
Requirement of EFA ranges from 3-6% of
energy intake in young children
Recommended as equal proportion of Visible
and invisible fats in the diet for all age
groups.
Fat intake
Group
Intake per day
in Grams
Reference man
& woman
20
Percentage
of total
energy
9
Percentage
of EFA per
day
3
Pregnant
woman
Lactating
mother
30
12.5
4.5
45
17.5
5.7
Children
22- 25
15
3
Carbohydrate
 Intake should be 50-70% of total
energy intake
In India, 90% of energy intake is
mainly from Carbohydrates.
Thought for the day
what you do not want others to
do to you, do not do to others.
- Confucius
Thank you