Transcript Hot Seat - Metabolism and Organic Molecules

Metabolism & Molecules of Life
Hot Seat
Many organic molecules are made of
repeating units of individual molecules
called __________.
• Monomers
Which of the following is a
polysaccharide?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Starch
Sucrose
Glucose
Galactose
The synthesis (production) of a protein
from amino acids is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis
A.
B.
C.
D.
The chemical reactions used in the
process of food digestion are
_________.
dehydration reactions
hydrolysis reactions
condensation reactions
very diverse and not categorized
What is the monomer of a
carbohydrate?
• monosaccharide
What is the monomer of a protein?
• Amino Acid
What are the building blocks of a lipid?
• Glycerol and Fatty Acid
Enzymes?
• Your answer choices are:
– Carbohydrates
– Lipids
– Proteins
– Nucleic Acids
Primary Energy Source?
• Your answer choices are:
– Carbohydrates
– Lipids
– Proteins
– Nucleic Acids
Structure of Cell Membrane?
• Your answer choices are:
– Carbohydrates
– Lipids
– Proteins
– Nucleic Acids
Starch?
• Your answer choices are:
– Carbohydrates
– Lipids
– Proteins
– Nucleic Acids
Starch is a polymer of _________
molecules.
• Glucose
Hair and Nails?
• Your answer choices are:
– Carbohydrates
– Lipids
– Proteins
– Nucleic Acids
Glucose?
• Your answer choices are:
– Carbohydrates
– Lipids
– Proteins
– Nucleic Acids
Long term energy storage?
• Your answer choices are:
– Carbohydrates
– Lipids
– Proteins
– Nucleic Acids
What type of energy is stored in food?
•
•
•
•
Light
Chemical
Electrical
Thermal
Starch is classified as a
A.
B.
C.
D.
Disaccharide
Monosaccharide
Nucleotide
Polysaccharide
Lactose is classified as a
A.
B.
C.
D.
Disaccharide
Monosaccharide
Nucleotide
Polysaccharide
Sucrose is classified as a
A.
B.
C.
D.
Disaccharide
Monosaccharide
Nucleotide
Polysaccharide
Glucose is classified as a
A.
B.
C.
D.
Disaccharide
Monosaccharide
Nucleotide
Polysaccharide
Fats that are stored in human tissue
contain molecules of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Glycerol and fatty acids
Amino acids
Monosaccharides and disaccharides
nucleotides
Is the reaction below a synthesis or
decomposition reaction?
Catalase
• 2H2O2 --------------------> 2H2 + 2O2
• Decomposition because the hydrogen
peroxide is being broken down into hydrogen
and oxygen gas.
What are the enzyme and substrate in
the reaction below?
Catalase
• 2H2O2 --------------------> 2H2 + 2O2
• Enzyme = Catalase
• Substrate = 2H2O2
Why is catalase written on the arrow?
Catalase
• 2H2O2 --------------------> 2H2 + 2O2
• Because it is not used up in the reaction. It
can be used over and over again.
Which are the reactants? Products?
Catalase
• 2H2O2 --------------------> 2H2 + 2O2
• Hydrogen peroxide – reactant
• Hydrogen and oxygen molecules - products
Salivary amylase is an enzyme in our
saliva. It only digests…
• Starch
What is the function of an enzyme?
• Speed up or catalyze chemical reactions
Which of the following is characteristic
of an enzyme?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It is a carbohydrate
It is destroyed after each chemical reaction
It provides energy for any chemical reaction
It increases the rate of a specific chemical
reaction
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which metabolic process is
responsible for digesting food
molecules?
Dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis
Photosynthesis
Active transport
The “lock and key” model of enzyme action
illustrates that a particular enzyme molecule will…
A. Form a permanent enzyme-substrate
complex
B. Be destroyed and reassembled
C. Interact with a specific type of substrate
molecule
D. React at identical rates under all conditions
The part of the enzyme molecule into
which the substrate fits is called the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Active site
Coenzyme
Polypeptide
lactase
Which graph best illustrates the effect
of temperature on enzyme activity?
T/F
• Each enzyme can catalyze (speed up) many
different types of reactions.
– FALSE
– Enzymes are specific and each enzyme only works
on ONE reaction.
T/F
• An enzyme can only be used once.
– FALSE
– Enzymes can be used over and over again until
they wear out or denature (change shape because
of heat)
What are the reactant(s)? What are
the product(s)?
Is this reaction dehydration synthesis
or hydrolysis?
Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins
are all joined together from monomers by which
process?
a. connecting monosaccharides together
(condensation reactions)
b. the addition of water to each monomer
(hydrolysis)
c. the removal of water (dehydration reactions)
d. ionic bonding of the monomers
e. the formation of hydrogen bonds between
monomers
Which of the following best summarizes the
relationship between dehydration synthesis
reactions and hydrolysis?
A. Dehydration synthesis reactions assemble
polymers, and hydrolysis breaks down
polymers.
B. Dehydration synthesis reactions can occur
only after hydrolysis.
C. Hydrolysis creates monomers, and
dehydration synthesis reactions break down
polymers.
D. A and C are correct.
Identify each of the rxns as
endothermic or exothermic.
A
B
• A – endothermic
• B - exothermic
In an endothermic reaction energy is _________. In an
exothermic reaction energy is _________.
– First blank – stored
– Second blank - released
What is the activation energy?
What is the activation energy?
• 250 kcal/mol
What is the heat of reaction?
What is the heat of reaction?
• +150 kcal/mol
What does the activation energy
provide energy for?
• It breaks the bonds between atoms.
How would adding an enzyme affect
the activation energy?
• It would
lower it.
Draw a “general” line to represent the
relationship.
Answer
Draw a “general” line to represent the
relationship.
Answer
What happens to enzyme activity as
the substrate concentration increases?
• The enzyme activity increases until all of the
enzymes are saturated. At this point all the
enzymes are in use and the reaction cannot go
any faster.
Draw a “general” line to represent an
enzyme that functions best in an acidic
environment.
Answer
Draw a “general” line to represent the
relationship.
Answer
What happens to enzyme activity as
the temperature increases?
• The enzyme activity increases until the
temperature gets too hot and the enzyme
denatures (changes shape)
Identify the following…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Enzyme
Active site
Reactants
Products
Which of the reactions below is a hydrolysis
reaction? Which of the reactions below is a
dehydration synthesis reaction?
Is this a dehydration synthesis or
hydrolysis reaction?
Label the diagram
A. SubstrateB. Active site
D. Products
C. Enzyme