Transcript Organic Chemistry The Chemistry Of Life / The Chemistry of Carbon

Organic Chemistry
CD
The Chemistry Of Life / The Chemistry of Carbon
A. Historical Perspective
1. Vitalism: The belief that “life forces” outside of
physical laws govern the interaction of chemicals
in living things
“Only living things can make organic compounds”
2. Mechanism: The belief that chemical interactions
can be explained by physical laws
“Any organic compound can be made in a test tube”
Urea
Properties of Carbon
“Carbon is the tinker toy of life”
Property of Carbon
Biological Implication
1. Tetra valence
1. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent
bonds for many “links”
2. Bond to itself
2. Carbon can form long chains or rings
to form large molecules
3. Can form double
and triple bonds
3. Different bond types will change the
reactivity of the molecule
4. Weak yet strong bonds
4. Weak enough to metabolize and recycle
but strong enough for stability
5. “Infinite” arrangements
5. Can form isomers
Structural vs. Molecular formulas
C4H10
a) structural
b) geometric
c) enantiomers
CD Activity
Functional Groups: Molecules that give Carbon Compounds Distinct Characteristics
Personality:
1. Very Polar
2. OH groups on non-polar compounds allow the
non-polar compounds to become soluble in
water
Personality:
1. Aldehyde : Polar, Found at the end of the molecule. Many are
metabolic intermediates
2. Ketone:
Non-Polar, Found in the Middle of the molecules
Personality:
1. Polar
2. The “acid” part of an amino acid
3. Weak acid and can act as a buffer
Personality:
1. Forms the Amine end of an amino acid
2. Polar
3. Tends to act like a base
Personality:
1. Polar
2. Will form strong “di-sulfide bonds” (S-S) with other thiols
3. Will greatly influence shape of proteins
Personality:
1. Very Polar
2. Important as:
a) Energy transport (ATP), Destabilizes molecules
b) Emulsifiers / Cell Membranes
c) Structure of DNA
CD Activity 1
CD Activity 2
Butane
Isobutane
Slide 1
The Tetra Valence of Carbon
Slide 1
Carbon Can Bond to Itself
Increasing Length
Increasing Branching
Allows Ring Structures
Slide 1
Carbon can form Double and Triple Bonds
Single Bonds
Double Bonds
Slide 1
Slide 1
Slide 1
Slide 1
CD Activity