Transcript 453612x - IDEALS @ Illinois

A SIMPLE, COST EFFECTIVE RAMANFLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETER
Frank Marshall, Katelyn R. Brinker, Owen Chiaventone, Michelle Rojo, Michael A. Pride, Zachary Walker
Advisors: Dr. Garry S. Grubbs, Dr. Melanie Mormile, Dr. Michael Storrie-Lombardi
ISMS 70th
Talk RC02
Missouri S&T Mars Rover Design Team
• Primarily undergraduates
• Building a Mars Rover analogue to
compete in the University Rover
Challenge (URC)
• Design and build the next generation
of Mars Rovers capable of working
with astronauts on Mars.
• Must complete specialized tasks.
• Focus on Science
Science Task
• 30-60 minute time limit
• Select a site of biological importance
• Collect at least a 5mg sample from the
site
• Analyze the sample to determine the
probability of life
• Mandated pH and Soil Humidity
• Optional Experiments
• Optional Experiment: Raman
Spectroscopy
Optional Experiment: Raman Spectrometer
• Capable of detecting various biomarkers
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•
•
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Extremophile bacteria1
Porphyrins
Lipids
Amino Acids
• Can be performed quickly
• Detailed data
• Expensive
Porphine2
• Can cost upwards of 10,000 USD
• 2,500 USD budget
1Russell,
N.C., Edwards, H.G.M., and Wynn-Williams, D.D., “FT-Raman spectroscopic analysis of endolithic microbial
communities from Beacon sandstone in Victoria Land, Antarctica”, 10:63–74. (1998), Antarct Sci
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyrin
The Science Team
• 6 Active Undergraduates
• Physics, Math, Biology,
Electrical Engineering,
Computer Engineering,
Nuclear Engineering,
Mechanical Engineering
• Freshman through 5th
year senior level
The Spectrometer
• Monochromator
• Czerny-Turner Configuration3
• Composed of 2 mirrors, 1 Diffraction
Grating
• Collimating Mirror
• Focusing Mirror
• Diffraction Grating
• Maps signal to Linear CCD Array
• Laser, sample filters
• 25cm x 25cm x 6cm
• Weighs approximately 1.5kg with
filtering optics
3Lerner,
Jeremy M, “Imaging Spectrometer Fundamentals for Researchers in the Biosciences – A Tutorial”,
International Society for Analytical Cytology, Cytometry Part A, 69A, 2006, 712-734
Lens and Filter Holder
• 3D Printed
• Polylactic Acid Plastic (PLA)
• Holds filters, lenses, and laser
• Fits around a sample chamber
Raman-Fluorescence Spectrometer Design:
Photon Source
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•
•
•
•
50 mW
532 nm
CW
Handheld, modified
532nm excites Raman and Fluorescence
signals
• Cannot remove fluorescence without
expensive electronics (Choppers, Pulse Laser,
etc. . .)
• Use fluorescence to obtain mineral
composition
2http://www.roithner-laser.com/laser_pointers.html
Picture from Roithner
Lasertechnik2
Raman-Fluorescence Spectrometer Design:
Filters and Focusing Lens System
• Thor Labs Biconvex Lens
• Focuses laser on samples and exit
aperture, diffuses laser beam to
avoid filter degradation
Diagram From Semrock3
• Filters:
• Semrock Laser Clean-up Filter
• Eliminates laser noise
3http://www.semrock.com/FilterDetails.aspx?id=LL01-
532-12.5
Raman-Fluorescence Spectrometer Design:
Filters and Focusing Lens System
• Thor Labs Biconvex Lens
• Focuses laser on samples and exit
aperture, diffuses laser beam to
avoid filter degradation
Diagram From Semrock3
• Filters:
• Semrock Laser Clean-up Filter
• Eliminates laser noise
3http://www.semrock.com/FilterDetails.aspx?id=LL01-
532-12.5
Raman-Fluorescence Spectrometer Design:
Filters cont. . .
• Thor Labs DMLP550 Dichroic
Mirror
• Redirects laser, allows
Raman/Fluorescence signal to
pass into monochromator
4http://www.thorlabs.com/thorproduct.cf
m?partnumber=DMLP550
Diagram from Thor Labs4
Raman-Fluorescence Spectrometer Design:
Filters cont. . .
• Semrock BLP01-532R-25 Edge
Filter
• Eliminates remaining 532nm light
5http://www.semrock.com/FilterDetails.aspx?id=BLP
01-532R-25
Diagram from Semrock5
Results
• Design started middle of
November 2014
• Construction started middle of
February 2015
• Construction finished middle of
May 2015
• Designed and built completely
by undergraduates in their spare
time
Results
• Design started middle of
November 2014
• Construction started middle of
February 2015
• Construction finished middle of
May 2015
• Designed and built completely
by undergraduates in their spare
time
Results
• Design started middle of
November 2014
• Construction started middle of
February 2015
• Construction finished middle of
May 2015
• Designed and built completely
by undergraduates in their spare
time
Results: Baseline
• Clearly not flat
• PLA?
• Polylactic Acid
• Organics
• Raman Observed
• Fluorescence
Observed
• Intensity
Clipping
Raman
Peak
Intensity
Clipped
Fluorescence
Expected Baseline
Results: Flowering Plant
Results: Flowering Plant
Results: Flowering Plant
Results: Flowering Plant
• Baseline Intact
• Additional Fluorescence Band
• Possibly:
• Phycobilirubins
• Carotenes
Expected Baseline
Raman
Peak
Intensity
Clipped
Fluorescence
Sample Fluorescence
Competition Results
• Scored a 100/100 on science
• Only other team to do so won
1st
• First perfect score in team
history
• MRDT placed 5th
• 43 teams signed up to attend
• Only 24 were accepted into
competition
Future Work
• Fix the CCD
• Permanent placement for
accurate measurements
• Intensity clipping
• Implement into undergrad
Physical Chemistry Lab course
• IR active vs. Raman active
• Remove Fluorescence
• Pulse Laser
• Chopper
• Build it ourselves
Acknowledgements
Mars Rover Design
Team & Sponsors
Missouri University
of Science and
Technology
Bonus Pictures!