Transcript BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 3-3 - Brookings School District

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BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLES
3-3
See a video clip about
CYCLES IN NATURE - Chap 3
http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm
ENERGY & MATTER
Energy is not the only thing
that moves through the ecosystem.
Atoms are never destroyed . . . only
transformed.
Take a deep breath.
The atoms you just
inhaled may have been
inhaled by a dinosaur
millions of years ago.
http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html
4 ATOMS make up 95% of the
body in most organisms
CARBON
OXYGEN
HYDROGEN
NITROGEN
The same molecules are passed around
again and again within the biosphere in
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
___________________________
WATER CYCLE
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
= ___________________
http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html
WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?
Makes up 60-70% of your body
Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the
building blocks of cells
________________________:
carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Hydrogen in H2O supplies
protons (H+) & electrons
for_______________
photosynthesis
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm
WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?
SOLVENT
Water is a good _________________
Many molecules dissolve in water so it
provides a place for chemical reactions
to happen
Water doesn’t change temperature easily
so it helps with
__________________
HOMEOSTASIS
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm
WATER CYCLE
evaporation
condensation
http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif
http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm
The evaporation of water from the
surface of plant leaves
TRANSPIRATION
= ________________
The return of water to
the surface in the form of
rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.
= ____________________
PRECIPITATION
Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html
WATER CYCLE
PH ONLINE LINK
Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start
CARBON CYCLE
CO2 in
atmosphere
CO2 in
ocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
4 main CARBON reservoirs
in BIOSPHERE
1.In ____________
atmosphere
as CO2 gas
ocean
2.In _______
as dissolved CO2 gas
3.On _______
in organisms, rocks, soil
land
Underground as coal & petroleum (fossil
4.__________
fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks
CO2 in
atmosphere
CO2 in
Ocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
Where does CO2 in atmosphere come from?
CO2 in
atmosphere
CO2 in
Ocean
Volcanic activity
1.________________
Human activity (burning fossil fuels)
2.______________
3._________________
Cellular respiration
Decomposition of dead organisms
4.____________
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
BUILDING BLOCKS of cells:
Found in all the _______________
carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for
GLUCOSE production during
__________
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
__________________...
the fuel that all living things depend on.
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG
http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg
NITROGEN CYCLE
Section 3-3
N2 in Atmosphere
NO3and NO2-
NH3
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
WHY IS NITROGEN
IMPORTANT?
NITROGEN BASES
__________________make
DNA and RNA
ATP
Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in _______
acids (proteins)
Makes AMINO part of amino
_________
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
Image by Riedell
79% of the atmosphere is made
up of NITROGEN gas (N2)
CAN’T use the nitrogen gas
BUT we _____
we breathe!
The bond in N2 gas is so
strong it can only be broken by
lightning
_______________
Volcanic activity
_______________
few special bacteria
____________________
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
Image by Riedell
in the soil
Bacteria that live ______________
symbiotic
and in _________
relationships with
legumes
plants called _________,
take
nitrogen from the atmosphere and
AMMONIA (NH3) a form
turn it into ______________,
that is usable by plants.
THIS PROCESS
IS CALLED
_________________
NITROGEN FIXATION
http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif
Other bacteria in the soil convert
NITRATES (NO3- )
ammonia into ________________
& NITRITES (NO2-)
& _________________
which plants can also use.
The nitrogen we need for proteins,
ATP, and nucleic acids comes from
the FOOD
___________
WE EAT
NOT THE AIR
___________
we breathe!
Image from: http://www.utdallas.edu/images/departments/biology/misc/gonzalez-image.jpg
and http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif
modified by Riedell
NITROGEN CYCLE
Section 3-3
N2 in Atmosphere
NO3and NO2-
NH3
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
in the soil
Bacteria that live ______________
also carry out the reverse process
NITRATES
NITROGEN GAS
& NITRITES
___________
→ _____________
.
THIS PROCESS
IS CALLED
DENITRIFICATION
_________________
Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
Producers absorb
phosphate from
soil and water
Weathering wears
away rocks and
sediments and
releases phosphate
into soil and water
Sediments form “new land”
to complete cycle
Phosphate moves
through food web
Phosphate returns to
soil and water from
waste or decomposition
Phosphorus cycle
is only biogeochemical
cycle that does
NOT cycle through the
atmosphere
______________
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
WHY IS PHOSPHORUS
IMPORTANT?
Makes DNA and RNA
Transfers energy as ATP
Makes phospholipids for cell membranes
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
Image by Riedell
SOUTH DAKOTA
CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE:
Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another
and the environment.
9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can
cause changes in stability of populations, communities,
and ecosystems.
• Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions.
Examples:
Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter)
Biogeochemical cycles
SOUTH DAKOTA
CORE EARTH SCIENCE STANDARDS
Indicator 1: Analyze the various structures and processes
of the Earth system.
9-12.E.1.1. Students are able to explain how elements and
compounds cycle between living and non-living systems.
• Diagram and describe the N, C, O and H2O cycles.
• Describe the importance of the N, C, O and H2O cycles to life
on this planet.
Examples: water cycle including evaporation, cloud
formation, condensation.
SOUTH DAKOTA
ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS
EARTH SCIENCE:
Indicator 1: Analyze the various structures and processes
of the Earth system.
9-12.E.1.1.A Students are able to explain how elements and
compounds cycle between living and non-living systems.
• Diagram and describe the P, S, and Ca cycles.
Core High School Earth Science
Performance Descriptors
High school
students
performing at the
ADVANCED level:
High school
students
performing at the
PROFICIENT level:
High school
students
performing at the
BASIC level
predict the effect of an interruption in a given cycles;
predict how human activity may change the land, ocean,
and atmosphere of Earth.
explain how H20, N, C, and O cycle between living and
non-living systems;
explain how human activity changes the land, ocean,
and atmosphere of Earth.
explain how H20, N, C, and O cycle between living and
non-living systems;
give an example of human activity that changes the land,
ocean, or atmosphere of Earth.