Transcript Drugs

Drugs:
Types, Classifications
& Drug Abuse
Warm-Up
As a group of 3, use the iPad to scan the
QR codes located throughout the room
and discuss the questions being asked.
Table Discussion
What do you
know about the
topic of drugs?
What are drugs?
Substances that, when
taken into the body, alter –
change – the body’s
functioning either physically
and/or psychologically.
Vocabulary
Substance Abuse
Overindulgence in or dependence on
an addictive substance, especially
alcohol or drugs.
Addiction
Persistent, compulsive dependence on
a behavior or substance.
Characterized by compulsive seeking
and use.
Table Discussion
What are some
legal drugs you
know of?
Social/Legal drugs
Legal to be used by anyone
Some have age restrictions
Most commonly used:
Caffeine
Tobacco (18)
Alcohol (21)
Social/Legal drugs
Alcohol (Depressant)
Includes beer, wine, and liquor.
12 oz. beer, 5 oz. wine, and 1 oz. liquor are almost
equal depending on alcohol by volume (ABV).
Social/Legal drugs
Alcohol (Depressant)
The most commonly abused drug in the US
with 86 million people considered abusers.
Binge drinking and driving while
intoxicated are the major reason.
2.5 million people die each year due to
alcohol
Of those, 320,000 young people age 15-29
die.
Social/Legal drugs
Tobacco (Stimulant)
Includes cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, and
chewing tobacco.
Leading preventable cause of disease, disability,
and death in the US.
There are over 40 chemicals in tobacco that
contain carcinogens – cancer-causing agents.
69.5 million Americans over age 12 are current
tobacco users.
54.6% of 12 to 17 year old tobacco users also
use illicit/illegal drugs.
Prescription Drugs
Drugs that require a medical
prescription written by a medical
professional and filled at a
pharmacy.
Only to be taken by the person the
prescription is written for, and how
directed.
Examples: Adderall, Lipitor, Zoloft,
Prednisone,
Prescription drugs are highly abused
amongst teens because of how easy
they are to access.
Over-the-Counter Drugs
Drugs that can be purchased by
anyone and do not require a medical
prescription.
Found on the shelves at many stores.
Common examples:
Advil (ibuprofen), Tylenol
(acetaminophen) (PAIN MEDS)
Sudafed, NyQuil, Robitussin
(COLD MEDS)
Dramamine (motion sickness),
Benadryl (allergies)
Illegal Drugs
Drugs that have controls on
them by the government, or are
illegal for certain people to
consume (ex. taking pills you
are not prescribed to take)
Psychoactive Drugs – affect the
brain and how it normally
functions.
Highly regulated because of the
danger they pose to those who
use them.
Club Drugs
Psychoactive drugs that tend to
be abused by teens and young
adults at bars, nightclubs,
concerts, and parties.
Examples:
Ecstasy, Molly, GHB,
Rohypnol, Ketamine
Effects:
Muscle Tension, Teeth
Clenching, Chills and
Sweating, Increased Body
Temperature (potentially
fatal), Possible seizure
Marijuana
Refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems,
or seeds of the hemp plant.
Active drug in marijuana is THC
(tetrahydrocannabinol)
Nicknames: Mary Jane, Weed, Pot, Herb
Physical Effects: Slowed Reaction
Time, Chronic Cough, Frequent
Respiratory Infections, Problems with
child development during pregnancy
Mental Effects: Hallucinations,
Paranoia, Linked to depression,
anxiety, and suicidal thoughts
Did you know?
Marijuana is 1 of 3 gateway
drugs – often a springboard
into the use of other, more
dangerous drugs.
What are the other 2?
Inhalants
Wide variety of breathable substances
(chemicals) that can produce damaging,
mind-altering effects.
Nicknames: Laughing gas, poppers,
snappers, whippets
Examples: Paint, Gasoline, Cleaning
products, Hair Spray, Aerosol Food
Cans
Effects: Confusion, Drowsiness, Coma,
Permanent Brain Damage, Suffocation,
Irregular Heart Beat, Death
Risks of Inhalants
Risks of Inhalants
“High” feeling lasts only a few minutes, so people
often use them over and over again.
“Sudden sniffing death” can happen to a completely
healthy young person from a single session of
inhalant use.1
Inhalants produce effects similar to those of
anesthesia. They slow the body down, produce a
numbing feeling and can cause unconsciousness.
Inhaling concentrated amounts of these chemicals
can cause heart failure, suffocation, convulsions,
seizures and coma.2
Source: http://abovetheinfluence.com/drugs/inhalants/
Anabolic Steroids
Synthetic variants of the male sex
hormone, Testosterone.
Designed for medical use only.
Often misused to build muscle and
improve athletic performance.
Effects: Severe Acne, Increased hostility
and aggression (Roid Rage), Damaged
immune system, Stunted growth,
Potential heart failure
Males: shrunken genitals, breasts, hair
loss.
Females: can stop menstrual cycle,
excessive body/facial hair, baldness.
iPad Activity
Explore
www.drugfreeworld.org
Read, Watch, Learn
Be ready to share something
you found interesting.
Drug Classifications
Narcotics
Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens
**These drug classifications are regulated by the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) by the
Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). There are other classifications of drugs, not covered in
this section.
Narcotics
AKA “opioids” or “pain-killers”
Drugs that dull the senses and relieve pain.
Comes from the Greek word for “stupor”
Many narcotics are prescribed by medical
professionals to help patients deal with pain
(ex. OxyContin, Vicodin, morphine)
Narcotics
How are they taken/consumed?
Swallowed, smoked, sniffed, or injected
What is their effect on the mind?
Medical: Create a general sense of well-being
– reducing tension, anxiety, and aggression
Negative effects: drowsiness, inability to
concentrate, and apathy.
Narcotics
What is their effect on the body?
Medical purpose: Treat pain, suppress cough, put
people to sleep
Negative effects: Slowed physical activity,
constriction of pupils, nausea, vomiting, slowed
breathing
What are their overdose effects?
Cold clammy skin, confusion, convulsions,
extreme drowsiness, slowed breathing, and death
Examples of Narcotics
Codeine
Heroin
Vicodin
Hydromorphone
Morphine
Opium
Methadone
Oxycodone
Heroin
Highly addictive and most rapid acting
opiate. (Grown in Asia, Mexico, Colombia)
Street names: Black tar, Chiva, Horse, Smack
Heroin is typically sold as a white or
brownish powder, or as the black sticky
substance.
Most street heroin is “cut” with other drugs
or with substances such as sugar, starch,
powdered milk, or quinine.
Heroine “laced” with fentanyl is extremely
dangerous – causing respiratory distress or
death due to synergistic effect.
Black tar Heroine
Mexican
Asian – most pure
Heroin
Heroin can be injected, smoked, or
sniffed/snorted. High purity heroin is usually
snorted or smoked.
Enters the brain rapidly, heroin is particularly
addictive, both psychologically and physically.
Heroin abusers report feeling a surge of euphoria
or “rush,” followed by a twilight state of sleep and
wakefulness.
Drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted
pupils, nausea, a warm flushing of the skin, dry
mouth, and heavy extremities.
Stimulants
Increase, or stimulate, the normal activity of the
Central Nervous System, including awareness,
alertness, and energy. Often called “Uppers.”
Legal stimulants include:
Caffeine – found in soda, chocolate, coffee, etc
Nicotine – found in tobacco products
Weight loss pills – suppression of appetite
Prescription Amphetamines like Ritalin and Adderall
used to treat ADD & ADHD
Stimulants
How are they taken/consumed?
Swallowed, smoked, sniffed, or injected
What is their effect on the mind?
Medical: Produce a sense of exhilaration,
enhance self esteem, increase activity, and
increase attention
Negative effects: agitation, hostility, aggression,
suicidal or homicidal tendencies, and paranoia
with hallucinations
Stimulants
What is their effect on the body?
Medical purpose: Reverse effects of fatigue, produce
exhilaration, extend wakefulness
Negative effects: Dizziness, tremors, chest pain,
excessive sweating, vomiting, and abdominal cramps
What are their overdose effects?
Convulsions, high fever, and cardiovascular collapse
typically occur before death.
Physical exertion while using stimulants can increase
the likelihood of accidental death.
Examples of Stimulants
Adderall
Ritalin
Khat
Methamphetamine
Cocaine
Amphetamine
Cocaine
An intense, euphoria-producing stimulant drug with strong
addictive potential
Street names: Coke, Crack, Flake, Snow
White crystalline powder, often “cut” with a variety of
substances including sugars and anesthetics.
Often snorted or injected into the veins. “Crack” is
smoked.
Cocaine
How does cocaine effect the mind?
Results in an intense euphoric effect known as a
“rush.”
Other effects include increased alertness and
excitation, as well as restlessness, irritability, and
anxiety.
The crash that follows euphoria is characterized
by mental and physical exhaustion, sleep, and
depression lasting several days.
Methamphetamine
A stimulant often produced
synthetically – man made – using all
types of nasty chemicals such as
alkaline batteries, Coleman cooking
fuel, etc.
Common street names: Meth, Crystal,
Glass, Shabu, Shards, Tweak
Crystal Meth
Regular meth is pill or powder form.
Crystal meth resembles glass fragments
or shiny blue-white rocks.
Can be injected, smoked, snorted,
swallowed.
Powder
Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine
Meth is highly addictive, with potent central nervous
system (CNS) stimulant properties.
Chronic meth abusers exhibit violent behavior, anxiety,
confusion, insomnia, and psychotic features including
paranoia, aggression, visual and auditory hallucinations,
mood disturbances, and delusions.
Taking even small amounts of meth can result in:
Increased wakefulness, increased physical activity,
decreased appetite, rapid breathing and heart rate,
irregular heartbeat, increased blood pressure, and
hyperthermia (overheating)
Meth Users: Before and After
Depressants
Drugs that temporarily diminish the function of the
brain and CNS. Often called “Downers.”
Can easily cause dependence and increased
tolerance, increasing the likelihood of coma or death.
GHB and Rohypnol, or “roofies,” are commonly
known as date rape drugs.
Many depressants are prescribed by medical
professionals to help patients sleep better, deal
with anxiety, and prevent seizures.
(ex. Valium, Xanax, Ambien, etc.)
Depressants
How are they taken/consumed?
Swallowed or injected
What is their effect on the mind?
Medical: Relieve anxiety, increase ability to sleep
Negative effects: Cause amnesia – loss of
memory about events occurring while under
the influence, impair mental functioning and
judgment, and cause confusion
Depressants
What is their effect on the body?
Medical purpose: Relax muscles, put you to sleep,
prevent seizures, relieve muscle spasms
Negative effects: Reduced reaction time, loss of
coordination, blurred vision, dizziness, low blood
pressure, and slowed breathing
What are their overdose effects?
High doses of depressants, or using alcohol or
other drugs at the same time can slow the heart
rate and breathing enough to cause death.
Examples of Depressants
Barbiturates
GHB
Benzodiazapines
Rohypnol
Valium
Xanax
Ambien
Ketamine
Hallucinogens
Drugs that alter human perception and mood.
Can cause major changes in thoughts,
emotions, and consciousness.
Many hallucinogens are synthetically
created in illegal laboratories, meaning
it is unknown what is in the drug.
Hallucinogens
How are they taken/consumed?
Swallowed (pill) or smoked.
What is their effect on the mind?
Medical: No medical use.
Negative effects: Perceptual distortions,
distortion of thought associated with time and
space, flashbacks may occur weeks or months
after use.
Hallucinogens
What is their effect on the body?
Medical purpose: No medical use.
Negative effects:
Elevated heart rate, increased blood pressure.
Can prevent the body from regulating temperature properly.
Can cause panic attacks, psychosis, seizures, and depression.
What are their overdose effects?
Can lead to respiratory depression, coma, convulsions,
seizures, and death due to respiratory arrest.
Examples of Hallucinogens
LSD (acid)
Psilocybin (mushrooms)
Mescaline (peyote cactus)
Videos
Helpful Websites
JustThinkTwice.gov
DEA.gov
abovetheinfluence.com
Teens.DrugAbuse.gov
drugfreeworld.org
KidsHealth.org
I Am…a drug!
Fill out the missing information on your
cue card.
Where it says “I am…” insert a short
introduction to what the drug is from the
first information found under the heading.
Feel free to change up the style when you
introduce yourself to other… to something
that fits your personality.