Transcript Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Nature Nurture Life Death Early Late Stomach Liver Milk Cheese Lower Meats - Canning - Bottling - Baking - Grilling - Pancake - Waffles - Sugar - Salt - Pepper - City - Color - Vegetables - States - Report - Restricted - Allowed - Trade - Liquid - Solid - Roots - Seeds - Bacon - Fruits - Grains Definition of Food Science Study of the nature of food and the principles of its production, processing, preservation and packaging. Nutrition Study of components of food and how they are used by the body to sustain life and health 3 periods in Food Development - Early Discoveries - Industrial Revolution - Government Regulations Early Food Discoveries - Civilizations formed where water, game and land provided food - Farming began: food that could be kept longer where favored - Cheese was ‘invented’ Rennin Enzyme in the stomach that reacted with warm temperatures and curdled milk into cheese Industrial Revolution - Canning process - Microscopes Invented - Power Driven Machines used for processing Product developed during WWI Pancake Mix Baking powder was mass-produced, commercial yeast became available and convenience foods were developed Government Regulations Early Regulation Regulation Today Watchdog Groups Food Labeling Early Regulations Adulteration: Lowering of the quality and safety of a product by adding inferior or toxic ingredients Examples: Milk with chalk added Sugar containing sand Ground pepper containing twigs Early Regulations USDA established: The United States Department of Agriculture FDA established: Food and Drug Administration Regulations Today The Food, Drug Cosmetic Act regulates the trade of food Food Code published with recommendations from the FDA Watchdog Groups Organizations that observe and report scientific developments, policy and legislation related to the food industry. Food Labeling The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 restricted the use of nutrition claims on food labels Recent Contributions Hydroponic crops: Grown with their roots suspended in liquid nutrient solutions Recent Contributions Food Analog: Natural or manufactured substances that are used in place of foods Examples: Whipped topping Bacon bits made from soy Rice milk Reasons to use Food Analogs Lowers cost Extends shelf life Options for allergies or diabetes Cryogenic Liquids Substances that are liquids at very low temperature Vegetables and Fruit Products maintain color, texture, and nutrients Data Tables Columns: Up and Down Rows: Across Number of Restaurants 2000 2004 2008 2012 American 1,824 1,932 1,702 1,895 Italian 954 988 941 948 Mexican 1,021 1,023 989 1,165 Columns: 5 Rows: 4 Calculating Percentages Part ÷ Whole x 100 = % Number of 2000 Restaurants 2004 2008 2012 American Italian Mexican 1,932 988 1,023 1,702 941 989 1,895 948 1,165 1,824 954 1,021 Calculate percentage of Italian restaurants in 2004 out of total restaurants in 2004 1st step: Add number of restaurants in 2004 (1,932 + 988+ 1,023 =3,943) 2nd step: use equation part ÷ whole x 100 = % 988 ÷ 3,943 x 100 = 25.1% Percentage of Italian Restaurants in 2004 out of total restaurants equals 25.1% Line Graph For the Data table about restaurants, you could place years on the x axis and increments of total number of restaurants on the y axis Jobs that require knowledge of proper food handling Farmers Shippers Processors Food Retailers Cooks Waiters USDA United States Department of Agriculture