Transcript Surveillance - Ardsley Middle School

Surveillance
Surveillance
Definition?
•Clandestine observation of a person, place or thing
•Person: ex. Adultery
•Place: ex. John Gotti’s Hunt & Fish Club
•Things: ex. Dropped Ransom
Surveillant= The watcher
Subject= Person being watched
90% of surveillance is sight related (10% Audio,smell,taste)
History
• 1600s
– MA officials inspect households for proper
moral conduct
– Puritan law to keep eye on neighbor
• 1700s
– Mail routinely opened in post office
• 1800s
– Bugging of telegraph begins
History
• 1928
– Constitutional to intercept electronic
conversations (U.S. Supreme Court)
• 1995
– “Spyware” used for first time
• 2001
– Patriot Act granting broad authority for
surveillance
Classical Surveillance Needs
Sunglasses
Watch
Newspaper
Disguise to blend in,
Avg. body size, no
noticeable body
defects
Picture of subject
Pen & Paper
Modern “Eavesdroping”
When important matters were being discussed in parlors,
people slipped in under the eaves to hear
Tools of the Trade
Surveillance Types:
1. Stationary:
Parked Car
Roof Top
Rented Room
Fixed Cameras
Surveillance Types:
2. Moving-Foot (Not too close, Not too far, follow
into department stores, don’t follow into small
shops, remain outside if subject enters home )
•Single tail easily spotted in open
•Three person tail better
Surveillance Types:
3. Moving-Car (Radio Communication, “Tag Subject Car”
Leapfrog:
A
B
Subject
B
A
Subject
Surveillance Types:
Parallel: One tail on parallel street
B
A
Leading:
Subject
Surveillance Types:
4. Undercover:
•Dangerous!
•Spy in enemy camp
•Narcs at music concerts
5. Bugging or intercepting communications
6. Video
7. Satellite-GPS
•High speed pursuit-Cop car shoots GPS tag on car
Uses of Video Surveillance:
•
•
•
•
•
Film bribes being taken
Film drug dealing
Traffic Enforcement
Monitor shoplifting and employee theft
Public place cameras to deter crime
– UK:35% drop in overall crime,75% drop in muggings
Uses of Video Surveillance:
• ATMs
• Identify hooligans at sports events
• Nanny Cams
Negatives to Video?
Negatives to Video
• Grainy-reused over and over
– Can computer enhance video
• Run at slow speed