Transcript safeguarding trafficked children

Definition of Modern Slavery
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UNHCR (Guidelines 2006, Human trafficking)
“Human trafficking is defined as a process that is a combination of
three basic components:
1) Movement (including within the UK)
2) Control, through harm/threat of harm or fraud
3) For the purpose of exploitation
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Palermo Protocol (2000)
“Trafficking of persons shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer,
harbouring or receipt of person, by means of the threat of or use of force,
or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of abuse of
power, (…), for the purpose of exploitation.”
CHILD TRAFFICKING
Trafficking
and Children
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The means do not have to be present for child trafficking
movement of a child into and within a country in order to
exploit them = Child Trafficking.
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A ‘Child’ refers to children 0-17 years and adolescents
up to their 18th Birthday.
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Not considered possible for children to give informed
consent to their own exploitation
DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN
Distinguishing
TRAFFICKING
AND between
SMUGGLING
Trafficking and Smuggling
Smuggling :
1) Movement from one place to another for their own benefit.
2) They often pay for the service
3) They are free to leave the smuggler once they arrive
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“Smuggling of migrants shall mean the procurement, in order to
obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other benefit, of the illegal
entry of a person into a state party of which the person is not a
national or a permanent resident.”
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This definition and difference is not always so clear cut. People can
think they are paying to be smuggled, but are then exploited.
NUMBERS & FIGURES
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In 2014, 671 minors were identified as being
PVOT into and within the UK (NRM Provisional
Stats 2014)
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This figure totals the referrals made to the
National Referral Mechanism only.
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This figure is not a true representation; child
trafficking is ‘hidden’ and may not be detected.
NUMBERS
& FIGURES
National Statistics
Cont.
Of the 671, children identified
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167 of the children were from African countries, 54 victims from
Nigeria, mostly girls trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation
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178 of the children were from Asian countries, this includes 109
victims from Vietnam mostly boys trafficked for the purposes of
labour exploitation and cannabis cultivation.
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233 children from Eastern European countries, This includes 117
victims from Albania split almost equally between girls and boys,
girls mainly for the purposes of sexual exploitation and boys mainly
for the purposes of labour or unknown exploitation.
(NRM Provisional Statistics 2014)
COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN
Source: NRM Report 2014
Albania 117
DRC 14
Vietnam 109
Hungary 8
UK 75
Zimbabwe 8
Slovakia 72
Syria 7
Nigeria 54
Morocco 7
Bangladesh 20
Ghana 6
Eritrea 18
Bulgaria 6
Romania 17
Sierra Leone 6
Afghanistan 16
Lithuania 5
China 14
Ethiopia 5
Risk indicators
How to identify a trafficked child
At entry:
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Entered the country illegally
No passport or other identification
False documentation
Unaccounted money or goods
Malnourished
Unable to confirm name or address
of the person meeting them at arrival
Accompanied by an adult who insists
on remaining with the child at all
times
Visa and journey had been arranged
by someone else other than
themselves or their family
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Withdrawn and refuses to talk or
appears afraid of talking to a
person of authority
Has a prepared story, similar to
those other children have given
Exhibits self-assurance. Maturity
and self-confidence not
expected to be seen in a child of
such age
No money but in possession of a
mobile phone
Unable or reluctant to give
details of accommodation or
other personal details
Risk indicators
How to identify a trafficked child
Whilst living in the UK:
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Receives unexplained/ unidentified
phone calls whilst in placement/
temporary accommodation
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Shows signs of physical or sexual
abuse, and/ or has contracted a
sexually transmitted infection or has an
unwanted pregnancy
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Missing episodes and/or periods of
being missing and/or unexplained
moves
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Missing from LA care
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Required to earn a minimum amount
of money each day
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Works in various locations
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Has limited freedom of movement
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Has been seen begging for money
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Performs excessive housework
chores and rarely leaves
residence
Cared for by adults who are not
their parents, no healthy
relationship between the child and
this carer
Is one of many unrelated children
found at one address
Not registered in school
Not registered with GP
Has to pay off an enormous
amount of debt
Is deprived of large parts of their
earnings
Is excessively afraid of being
deported
and all previous indicators!
Types of Exploitation
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Sex work
Domestic servitude
Sweatshop and
restaurant work
Cannabis Factories
Drug dealing
Credit card fraud
Begging/pick pocketing
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Unregistered Private
Fostering
Forced marriage
Benefit fraud
Drug mules or decoys for
adult drug traffickers
Trade in human organs
Rituals/sacrifice
Other criminal
exploitation
Response Needed
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Child trafficking is a child protection issue
Report to Children’s Services and the Police
Section 47 strategy meeting required
Safeguarding of young person – foster placement
or safe house
Initial safety plan in line with 4 LSCB Protocol (247 supervision, no access to telephones, money or
internet)
National Referral Mechanism completed.
Useful websites
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www.barnardos.org.uk/hampshire-trafficking
www.cfab.org.uk
www.gov.uk/government/publications/huma
n-trafficking-victims-referral-andassessment-forms
www.londonscb.gov.uk/trafficking
www.love146.org
www.medaille.co.uk
www.nspcc.org.uk
www.stopthetraffik.co.uk