Transcript Health Psychology - Le Moyne College

Health Psychology
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Key Concepts
 Health Psychology: health is the influence of
both our physiology (diet/exercise) and psychology
(stress/social support).
 Lifestyle: the patterns of our everyday decisions
which characterize our behavior.
 Stress: personal response to events that threaten to
disrupt our daily behaviors.
General Adaptation
Syndrome
 Alarm
 Resistance
 Exhaustion
COGNITIVE APPRAISAL
Autonomic Nervous
System
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
 Fight or Flight
 Maintenance & Refuel
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Eyes open Wide
Mouth Goes Dry
Hr Increase
Start to Sweat
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
Eyes constrict
Mouth Waters
Digestion
Blood away from
muscles
Level of Stress
Relationship between
Stress & Health
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
 Level of stress
(Holmes & Rahe, 1967)
 Length of the stressor
(Cohen et al., 1998)
12
24
36
Health
p. 498
Stress Buffers
Social Support
Optimism vs. Pessimism
Exercise
p. 503
Coping Strategies
Optimists
Pessimists
 Problem-focused
 Denial/ Distancing
 Suppress competing
 Disengage from goal
activities
 Look for social support
 Focus on their feelings
p. 503
Yerkes-Dodson law
Strategies for Health
Education
 Health Belief Model
 PRECEDE Model
(Becker, 1974)
(Green, 1984)
 Social Cognitive Theory
 Stages of Change
(Bandura, 1977)
(Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983)
Elder, Apodaca, Parra-Medina, &DeNuncio
(1998)
Overlapping Ideas
 Strong positive intention
 Perceive the behavior as
to change.
 Min of barriers.
 Posses the skills.
 “Believe” in the
intervention
normal.
 Consistent with selfschema.
 “Feel” good about the
behavior.
 Receive reinforcement
from your environment.
Health Belief Model
1. Perceived threat
2. Belief a behavior will
alleviate stress
Influence of Social
Factors
Individualistic Perspective
Religion
Cultural/Social Isolation
– SES
– acculturation
Risk Factors & Wellness
Risk Factors
Interventions
Problems
 Smoking
 Social
 Cardiovascular
Support
 Diet
 Contingency
 Cancer Contracts
 Exercise
 Extinction
 Overweight
 Alcohol
 Drug
 Korsokov’s
therapy
 Risky Behaviors
Prevention
 Primary Prevention: reduce the
occurrence of the illness.
– Gain Framing
 Secondary Prevention: decrease the
severity of the illness. Importance of early
detection.
– Loss Framing