Transcript Drug situation3 - European Commission

Multi country workshop
European Commission & EMCDDA
Kiev, 29-30 SEP 2011
Drug situation and response planning
in Poland
dr Piotr Jablonski
National Bureau for Drug Prevention
Content of the presentation
 Crucial information about drug phenomenon in
Poland (EMCDDA 5 key indicators),
 Framework of the National Strategy,
 Examples of response planning based on results
from monitoring in the field of prevention,
treatment, harm reduction and drug supply
reduction
Sources of information e.g.:
 National school surveys (ESPAD) of 1995, 1999, 2003, 2005 and
2007, 2011,
 School surveys 2003, 2008, 2010,
 General Population Surveys in 2002, 2006, 2009, 2010,
 Studies among problem drug users 2008, 2010,
 Treatment demand reporting system – TDI,
 Qualitative studies,
 Data from institutions which conduct statistical monitoring
systems: Central Statistical Office and National Institute of
Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene,
 Data from institutions fighting with drug problem: Police,
Ministry of Justice.
Lifetime use of drugs among adult population of
Poland aged: 15 – 64 (percentages)
17,6
18
16
2006
14
2010
12
9
10
8
6
4
4
2
2
0,9
3,4
2,7
2
1,2
0,8
1,2
1
0,2
0,2
1,6
1,7
0,6 0,4
0,2
0,2
0,1
ts
ha
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In
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Last 12 months use of drugs among adult
population of Poland aged: 15 - 64 (percentages)
9,6
10
9
2006
8
2010
7
6
5
4
2,7
3
1,9
1,5
2
0,7 0,7
1
0
is
ab
n
n
Ca
0,1
0,6
0,3
0,1
0,7
0 0,1
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,7
0,2 0,1
0,5
s
y
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ms
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oin e roi
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o
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Last 30 days use of drugs among adult population
of Poland aged: 15 – 64 (percentages)
6
5,4
5
2010
2006
4
3
2
0,9
1
1
0,4
0
0
is
ab
n
n
Ca
0,2
0,6
0,4
0,1
0,5
0
0,1
0,1
0
0,5
0,1
0
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in
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sy
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sh
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sh
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i
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Am
ab
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A
0,3
New HIV infections, including injecting drug
users in 1999-2009 (by date of detection)
900
800
700
600
IDUs
500
All
400
300
200
100
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Data for 2009 – number of registered cases by the end of 2009.
Drug-related deaths in 1997-2009
310
292
324
294
290
277
253
235
241
231
244 247
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
214
1997
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Problem Drug Users
Number of PDU
in Poland:
100 000 – 130 000 (data 2005)
56 000 – 103 000 (data 2009)
Qualitative study result
It is worth noting that among students drugs do not have
special status as compared to tobacco and alcohol. As the
study results showed drugs belong to the same linguistic
and consumption category as cigarettes, beer and vodka.
Drug use is a way of dealing with the school stress, tensions
inside the peer group or is simply symbolic in nature – it is
a manifestation of belonging to the group.
Qualitative study result
Students do not perceive drugs as a serious problem for
adolescents in general; however, they believe that they might
pose a problem to individuals, mainly due to the lack of
„consumption culture” (e.g. using too much, using in wrong
places), „problem” use (according to respondents, not only
drugs are important but also motivation for use) and hanging
around with „wrong people”.
The adolescents are fully aware of the negative consequences
of drug use. Negative consequences of drug use related to
mental or physical health, conflicts with the social
environment or the law are widely known. The highest drugrelated risk according to the respondents is the likelihood of
getting addicted.
2011 - 2016
Prevention:
Stemming
growth
in drug demand
3 specific
objectives
Reducing drug use and drug-related
social and health problems
Treatment,
rehabilitation
and
harm reduction:
Improvement
of health
and social
functioning
of drug addicts
and persons
using drugs in
a harmful way
3 specific
objectives
Supply
reduction:
Reducing
production,
trafficking and
availability
of drugs
7 specific
objectives
International
cooperation:
Supporting
implementation
of national
programme
through
shaping
international
policy
3 specific
objectives
Research,
monitoring
and
evaluation:
Information
support for
implementation
of National
Programme
for
Counteracting
Drug Addiction
3 specific
objectives
Drug-driving in the last year – general
population survey results (15-64)
2002 – 1,2
2006 – 1,0
2010 – 3,1
Initial DRUID survey results for Poland:
Vehicles driven under influence of alcohol: 1,2% (n= 4303)
Vehicles driven under influence of drugs: 2,5% (n= 4026)
Strengthening social attitude in order to reduce use of
drugs in general population – the aim of National Strategy
Action:
 launch of mass media information and education
campaign promoting abstinence among children,
adolescents and adult as well as providing information on
the risk related to use of drugs and their substitutes
DON’T DRUG DRIVE. DRUGS TURN OFF YOUR BRAIN –
2009 & 2010
 Campaign targeted young
people aged 16 – 25, disco and
club goers, engaged in risky
behaviours, including driving
under the influence of drugs,
so-called return rides from
parties
 Message was emotional in
character, based on symbols
and showing whole range of
consequences of risky
behaviour
 Message targeting both drivers
and potential passengers
Number of needle and syringe exchange programmes
and cities where they were present in 2002-2009 and
exchange outlets in 2004-2009
56
54
52
50
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Number of exchange programmes
Number of cities
Number of exchange outlets
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Clients of needle and syringe exchange
programmes and contacts made in 2004 – 2009
100000
Number of contacts
Number of clients
80000
60000
86487
91590
40000
46390
20000
4614
5091
41872
43323
4002
3388
3101
2006
2007
2008
33 559
3100
0
2004
2005
2009
Improving health and social functioning of
harmful and dependent users – aim of National
Strategy
Action:
 supporting harm reduction programmes
 monitoring indicators:
 number of harm reduction programmes which
received funding in a current/previous year
 number of harm reduction programme clients in
a current/previous year
Percentages of patients admitted to inpatient
treatment in 1997-2008 by age groups
100%
80%
60%
7
7
17
15
33
29
7
14
24
8
12
8
11
22
22
40%
20%
40
46
0%
4
4
52
3
55
3
57
3
10
10
23
55
2
45 +
11
13
14
16
11
17
18
11
11
11
12
14
35-44
24
26
29
30
33
36
25-34
45
41
36
31
2
2
2
2
51
3
48
2
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
16-24
-15
Substitution treatment in Europe
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
LU UK ES IE MT FR PT IT
SI DK EU DE NL NO SE EL BE CZ LT FI HU BG LV PL RO
+4
Improving health and social functioning of
harmful and dependent users – aim of National
Strategy
Action:
 providing access to substitution treatment in all provinces
for at least 25% of opioid dependent users by increasing
the number of programmes and securing proper financing
in the financial plan of the National Health Fund
 monitoring indicators:
 ratio of substitution treatment funding in a given
year to the 2010 funding,
 number and percentage of substitution treatment
clients in respective provinces in a
current/previous year.
Police data on crimes under the Act on
counteracting drug addiction in 1990 – 2010
75000
70000
65000
60000
55000
50000
M anufacture , traffick ing, trade in pre curs ors
Pos s e s s ion
Dis tribution or e nticing to us e
Introducing to trade
Im port, e xport or trans it
M anufacture of drug m anufacturing e quipm e nt
M anufacture of drugs
Cultivation of poppy or cannabis plant
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
19
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
19
93
19
92
19
91
19
90
0
Amendment of the Act on counteracting drug
addiction
Article 62.
1. Whoever, contrary to the provisions of this Act, possesses narcotic drugs
or psychotropic substances, shall be subject to the deprivation of liberty for
a term up to 3 years.
2. If the object of the act referred to in paragraph 1 is a considerable
quantity of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, the perpetrator
shall be subject to a fine and the penalty of the deprivation of liberty for a
term of 1 up to 10 years.”,
3. In the case of lesser gravity, the perpetrator shall be subject to a fine, the
penalty of limitation of liberty or deprivation of liberty for a term up to 1
year.
Article 62a. – new regulation
If the object of the act referred to in Article 62.1 or 3 is a small quantity of
narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances intended for personal use, the
proceedings might be discontinued also before the issuance of the decision
to institute an inquiry or an investigation, as long as punishing the offender
is pointless due to the circumstances of the offence as well as the degree of
social harm.”;
Sale of medicines containing pseudoephedrine
Response to problem with pseudoephedrine
 Amendment of the Act on counteracting drug addiction
will introduce the limitation in sale of medicines with
pseudoephedrine
 Customer can buy in one transaction not more that 720
mg sole of pseudoephedrine
Offences by type of drugs
75000
Other substances
70000
Cannabis
65000
LSD
60000
Polish heroin
55000
Heroin
50000
Ecstasy
45000
Cocaine/crack
40000
Am hetam ine
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Police eradications of illegal marijuana
plantations in 2006-2010 – Police Headquarters
data
Number of
detected
plantations
Area of
detected
plantations
(m2)
Number of
detected
marijuana
plants
2006
10
n.a.
5899
2007
128
7408
23900
2008
123
18435
16335
2009
422
31246
97928
2010
583
34 278
68 584
Reducing domestic cultivation of hemp other
than fibrous hemp and psychotropic plants,
particularly salvia divinorum genus
Action:
 developing legal basis for information exchange on
eliminated illegal plantations (e.g. agreements between
agencies),
 establishing database and data collection system for
eliminated plantations,
 monitoring websites on cannabis cultivation and other
psychoactive plants
Last 12 months use of drugs among pupils aged 18 – 19 (%)
poppers
1,3
2,4
0,2
0,3
DXM
Legal highs „dopalacze”
2,6
Cough syrups
1,92,2
1,9
2,2
GHB
Magic mushrooms
1,4
2
Ecstasy
1,4
2010
7,2
2008
CBOS 2008
3
0,8
0,6
Heroine
0,6
0,5
Polish heroine „kompot”
0,4
0,4
Relevin
Cocaine
1,1
0,7
LSD
1,3
1,4
1
0,7
Inhalants
Amphetamine
3
3,7
Tranquilizers and sedatives
9,6
11,2
16,4
18
Cannabis
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Lifetime use of drugs among pupils aged 18 - 19 (%)
2,1
2,6
Salvia divinorum
poppers
3
1
1,3
DXM
Legal highs „dopalacze”
Cough syrups
0,9
1,3
GHB
Magic mushrooms
Ecstasy
4,8
2010
2008
CBOS 2008
3,5
11,4
3,2 4,7
3,6
3,4
5,5
3,5
1,3
1,9
1,1
1,6
0,8
1,4
2,2
2,3
2,3
3,3
2,9
2,8
Heroine
Polish heroine „kompot”
Relevin
Cocaine
LSD
Inhalants
Amphetamine
6,8
9
21,8
19,9
Tranquilizers and sedatives
30,5
Cannabis
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
35,7
36
40
Preventing the Internet from being used as
source of drug – related crime: aim of National
Strategy
Action:
 trainings for law enforcement staff and Customs Service
in reducing drug – related crime facilitated by the
Internet,
 risk assessment of drug – related crime facilitated by the
Internet as well as legislation and developing
recommendations for combating drug – related crime
facilitated by the Internet,
 information campaign on the use of the Internet in
promoting drugs targeting Internet providers and server
owners
Reducing illegal drug trade and availability –
aim of National Strategy
Action:
 establishing fast methods of identifying new
psychoactive substances and detecting thereof in
human body by procuring new narcotic drugs for
research and purchasing/developing standards of new
narcotic drugs as well as providing enough drug tests
for rapid identification of drugs
Act of 8 October 2010 amending the Act on
counteracting drug addiction and the Act on State
Sanitary Inspection (3rd amendment)
 definition of substitution drug:
substance of natural or synthetic origin in any physical
state or a product, plant, mushroom or part thereof,
containing such a substance, used instead of a narcotic
drug or a psychotropic substance or for the same
purposes as a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance,
whose manufacture or introduction to trade is not
regulated by separate provisions; provisions on general
safety of products do not apply to substitute drugs.
Ban of substitution drugs
 It shall be prohibited to manufacture and place substitute
drugs on the market on the territory of the Republic of
Poland.
 In the event of ascertaining manufacture or placing on the
market of a substitute drug or a product suspected to be a
substitute drug, the appropriate state sanitary inspector
applies accordingly provisions of Article 27c of the Act of
14 March 1985 on State Sanitary Inspection.
Withdrawal of suspected product from the
market
 In the event of a reasonable suspicion that the product
poses a threat to human health or life, the appropriate
state sanitary inspector shall, by way of a decision,
order withdrawal of the product from the market for the
period necessary to conduct an assessment and
research into its safety, however, not longer than 18
months.
Financial penalty
 Whoever manufactures or places a substitute drug
on the market on the territory of the Republic of
Poland shall be subject to a financial penalty
between PLN 20 000 and PLN 1 000 000
(EUR 5 000 – 250 000)
Advertising ban
 It shall be prohibited to advertise and promote foods or
other products through suggesting that they:
1) have effects of psychotropic substances or narcotic
drugs
or
2) their consumption, even misuse, may cause effects
similar to the use of psychotropic substances or narcotic
drugs.
Conclusions
 The process of interventions planning should be based on
results from monitoring,
 Key issue in Poland is preparation of the legal base (Drug Law,
National Strategy) for intervention. Due to thereof, the
implementation of drug activities has long duration support
(funds, decision-makers, responsible institutions),
 Systematic data collection allows to understand drug
phenomenon and gives an opportunity to explain to key actors
(public opinion, policy-maker etc.) the importance of conducting
intervention,
 Collecting data is important for evidence-based policy but we
can not forget building the network which will be helpful while
interpreting data and using results of monitoring system e.g. on
the regional or local level.
Thank you!