Transcript Drug - Weld RE-4 School District

th
8
Grade Health
Chapter 14 Drugs
Drugs
• Drug
– A substance other than food that changes the
structure or function of the body or mind
– All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are
medicines.
• Drug misuse
– Taking or using medicine in a way that is not intended
– Drug misuse can happen with prescription medicines
and over-the-counter medicines.
• Tolerance
– A condition in which a person’s body becomes used to
the effect of a medicine and needs greater and
greater amounts of it in order for it to be effective
Types of Medicines
Categories of Medicines
Prescription medicines
Over-the-counter medicines
• Prescription medicines
• Medicines that can be sold only with a written order from a
physician
• Over-the-counter medicines
•Medicines that are safe enough to be taken without a
written order from a physician
Drug Misuse
What is drug misuse?
Using a drug without following the instructions on the label
Using a drug not prescribed for you
Allowing someone else to use a drug prescribed for you
Taking more of the drug than the doctor prescribed
Using the drug longer than advised by the doctor
Side Effects
• Side effect
– Any effect of a medicine other than the one intended
–Even when taken correctly, some medicines will cause a
side effect.
Common Side Effects
Stomach
upset
Drowsiness
Sleeplessness
Headache
Drug Abuse
•Drug abuse
•Intentionally using drugs in a way that is unhealthy or
illegal
What is drug abuse?
Using illegal drugs
Using legal drugs for non-medical reasons
Using a medication for something other than its intended use
Drug Abuse
sleepiness, irritability, heart failure, stroke
Physical Health
Drug abuse affects all three sides of your health triangle.
Mental/Emotional Health
interference with brain functions,
depression, anxiety, difficulty concentrating
Social Health
withdrawing from family and friends,
loss of interest in school and other activities
Addiction
Regular
drug use
Addiction
Tolerance
•. Drug addiction, like alcoholism, is a
Physical or
psychological need
for a drug
disease.
• Treatment options exist that can help users overcome their
addiction
Assignment 1
1. Compare the differences between drug
misuse and drug abuse?
2. Hypothesize what you might you say to
persuade a friend not to take medicine that
has not been prescribed to him or her?
What Is Marijuana?
• Marijuana
– Dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant,
called cannabis sativa
–Marijuana is commonly called pot or weed.
•THC
–The main active chemical in marijuana
–THC alters the way the brain processes sensory information.
•It is impossible to note that other harmful substances may be
mixed in with marijuana.
What Are Marijuana’s Effects?
Short-term Effects
Reduced reaction time
Reduced coordination
Impaired judgment
Increased heart rate
Increased appetite
Anxiety
Panic attacks
What Are Marijuana’s Effects?
Long-term Effects
Lung diseases, including cancer
Changes to the region of the brain that processes information
Depression
Anxiety
Personality disturbances
Loss of motivation, causing the user to fall behind in school
Problems with friends and family members
What Are Marijuana’s Effects?
Safety Risks
Risk of getting arrested
Users may say or do things that could get them into trouble
Impaired reaction time and coordination make driving dangerous
Impaired judgment can lead to risky behaviors
• Drinking alcohol
• Engaging in sexual activity, leading to a risk of sexually transmitted
diseases and unplanned pregnancy
What Are Marijuana’s Effects?
Frequent users can
develop a tolerance
Developing a
tolerance often
leads to physical
dependency
Each year more
than 12,000 people
seek treatment for
addiction to
marijuana
What Are Club Drugs?
• What Are Club Drugs?
– Club drugs take their names from dance clubs or raves where
they are often used.
– Some people falsely believe that club drugs are safe to use.
• The harmful effects of club drugs include:
– Hallucinations
– Paranoia
– Amnesia
•
Partial or total loss of memory
• When club drugs are mixed with alcohol, the effects of both
substances are increased.
Ecstasy
• Ecstasy
•The scientific name for ecstasy is MDMA.
•Ecstasy speeds up the central nervous system, making a person
feel very alert, or “hyper.”
Effects of Taking Ecstasy
Increased heart rate
Chills
Nausea
Sweating
Anxiety
Increased sense of confidence
Elevated blood pressure
Feelings of well-being
Dizziness
Loss of appetite
Date Rape Drugs
• GBH
– Is a depressant of the central nervous system.
– Until 1992, GBH was available as an over-the-counter
drug used by bodybuilders to increase muscle mass and
decrease fat.
•Ketamine, sometimes called Special K
– Is an anesthetic used in medical procedures for
humans and animals.
–A small amount of Ketamine produces hallucinations,
memory loss, and severe breathing problems–even
respiratory failure.
Date Rape Drugs
Rohypnol, commonly called roofie, is a club drug
that works by suppressing the central nervous
system.
Characteristics of Rohypnol
Odorless
Easily slipped into a person’s drink
Colorless
The unwilling user is unaware of what is
happening
Has no taste
Produces amnesia
Anabolic Steroids
• Anabolic steroids
– Synthetic substances related to the male sex
hormones
– Physicians sometimes prescribe anabolic steroids to
treat growth problems, lung diseases, and skin
conditions.
– Steroids are most often abused by people who want
to enhance their athletic abilities.
Anabolic Steroids
Major Side Effects
Liver tumors
Cancer
Jaundice
High blood pressure
Kidney tumors
Severe acne
Trembling
Anabolic Steroids
Side Effects in Males
Side Effects in Females
Shrinking of the testicles
Growth of facial hair
Breast development
Menstrual changes
Deepened voice
In NIDA’s 2004 Monitoring the Future study, 3.4% of high school seniors reported using
steroids at least once.
Source: NIDA Infofacts: High School and Youth Trends.
Teens and Steroid Use
• Steroid use can have a negative effect on your
appearance.
• Steroid use can cause a person to become
angry or violent.
• Steroid use can cause a hormonal imbalance,
which can interfere with the normal
development of teens.
Assignment 2
1. Recall: What are 3 negative consequences of
using anabolic steroids?
2. Explain two long-term effects of marijuana
use?
3. Analyze your thoughts on steroid abuse and
how they can/do affect competitive sports?
More Drug Types
• Narcotics
– Specific drugs that are obtainable only by prescription and are
used to relieve pain
• Opium
– A liquid from the poppy plant containing substances that numb
the body
• Stimulants
– Drugs that speed up activity in the human brain and spinal cord
• Stimulants cause the heart to beat faster and cause blood pressure
and metabolism to rise.
• Amphetamine
– A drug that stimulates the central nervous system
• Amphetamines are highly addictive.
• Using large amounts of amphetamines can result in aggressive
behavior, extreme weight loss, and loss of physical strength.
More Drug Types Cont.
• CNS depressants
– Substances that slow down normal brain function
• CNS depressants are sometimes called sedatives or
tranquilizers.
• Hallucinogens
– Drugs that distort moods, thoughts, and senses
• Some hallucinogens are made from natural substances,
some are manufactured.
• Inhalant
– Any substance whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled
to produce mind-altering sensations
• Inhalants are not meant to be put into the human body.
Heroin
Characteristics of Heroin
Made of morphine, a narcotic
Most often inhaled or injected intravenously
Users develop a psychological and physical dependence
Tolerance leads to a need for ever-increasing doses
Quitting is very difficult
Quitting results in painful withdrawal symptoms
OxyContin
Characteristics of OxyContin
Available through a doctor’s prescription
Controls severe pain in patients with cancer, back pain, or arthritis
Abuse leads to tolerance, which leads to physical addiction
Withdrawal symptoms are similar to other narcotics
Narcotics and Addiction
Withdrawal symptoms can be unbearable.
• Withdrawal symptoms
•Symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced or
stopped
Withdrawal Symptoms
Pain in muscles
Pain in bones
Sleeplessness
Diarrhea
Agitation
Vomiting
Cocaine
Characteristics of Cocaine
Illegal stimulant derived from the coca plant
Sold as a fine white powder
Often mixed with water and injected into the body intravenously
Can also be smoked or snorted up the nose
One of the most addictive drugs on the street today
Crack
Crack is created when cocaine is heated and
processed with baking soda and water.
Crack is extremely addictive and dangerous.
Methamphetamine
Characteristics of Methamphetamine
Highly addictive stimulant drug, affects the central nervous system
Becoming an epidemic in the United States
Produced in illegal laboratories
Effects are similar to cocaine
Also known as “meth”
Methamphetamine
Effects of Methamphetamine
Initial feelings of confidence and energy
Tendency on the part of users to binge
Users may go days without food or sleep
Users find it impossible to feel any pleasure without the drug
Unpredictable behavior
Effects of Stimulants
Substance
Harmful Effects
Amphetamine
Uneven heartbeat, rise in blood pressure, physical
collapse, stroke, heart attack, and death
Methamphetamine
Memory loss, damage to heart and nervous
system, seizures, and death
Cocaine
Damage to nose lining and liver; heart attack,
seizures, stroke, and death
Crack
Damage to lungs if smoked, seizures, heart attack,
and death
What Are Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants?
Two Commonly Prescribed CNS Depressants
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Prescribed for the treatment of anxiety or
tension, or for people with sleep disorders.
Prescribed for patients with more serious
anxiety and panic attacks.
Effects of Depressants
Substance
Harmful Effects
Tranquilizer
Anxiety; reduced coordination and attention span.
Withdrawal can cause tremors and lead to coma
or death.
Barbiturate
Causes mood changes and excessive sleep.
Can lead to coma.
Hypnotic
Impaired coordination and judgment. High doses
may cause internal bleeding, coma, or death.
How Do Hallucinogens Affect the
User?
Hallucinogens affect how a user perceives the
passage of time, sees colors, senses motion, or
hears sound.
Hallucinogens interfere with a person’s thought
process and ability to communicate.
Effects of Hallucinogens
Substance
Harmful Effects
PCP
Loss of coordination; increase heart rate, blood
pressure, and body temperature; convulsions;
heart and lung failure; broken blood vessels;
bizarre or violent behavior; temporary psychosis;
false feeling of having super powers.
LSD
Increased blood pressure, heart rate, and body
temperature; chills, nausea, tremors, and
sleeplessness; unpredictable behavior; flashbacks; false feeling of having super powers.
Inhalants
Paint
Vegetable cooking sprays
Air fresheners
Lighter fluid
Inhalants
Markers and pens
Correction fluid
Hair sprays
What Damage Do Inhalants Cause?
Abusing inhalants can damage the protective
coating that surrounds brain cells, called myelin.
Permanent effects can include an impaired
ability to walk, talk, or think.
Even a first-time experiment with inhalants can result in death
from choking, suffocation, or heart attack.
Warning Signs of Inhalant Abuse
Eyes that are red
or runny.
Sores or spots near
the mouth.
Warning Signs
of Inhalant
Abuse
Breath that smells strange
or like chemicals.
Holding a marker or pen
near the nose.
Assignment 3
1. Evaluate the physical and psychological
effects that can cause a person to become
addicted to a drug.
1. Analyze: Why do you think inhalant abuse
might be a serious problem among 12- to 14year-olds?
Getting Help
The first step in getting help for drug abuse is for
the user to admit that he or she has a problem.
Although some effects of drug abuse are
permanent, drug addiction is treatable.
Recognizing When Someone Needs
Help
Symptoms of Drug Use
Tolerance
Craving
A person needs increasingly larger amounts of drugs to get
high.
A person feels a strong need, desire, or urge to use drugs and
uses a drug despite negative consequences.
Recognizing When Someone Needs
Help
Symptoms of Drug Use
Loss of
Control
Physical
Dependence or
Withdrawal
Symptoms
A person takes more drugs than he or she meant to,
or uses drugs at a time or place he or she had not planned.
When drug use is stopped, a person may experience
withdrawal symptoms from a physical need for the
substance.
Getting Help
• Detoxification
– The physical process of freeing the body of an
addictive substance
• Some hospitals and treatment centers have
detoxification units for people going through
withdrawal.
• Counseling
– Provides an opportunity to openly share thoughts
and feelings with a trained expert.
Drug Treatment Options
Inpatient
treatment
Partial
hospitalization
or day
treatment
Residential
programs
Outpatient
and intensive
outpatient
programs
Intensive
outpatient
treatment
Support Groups
A support group is a group of people who work
together to help one another stay drug free.
Common Support Groups
Narcotics Anonymous
Cocaine Anonymous
Nar-Anon
Choosing to be Drug Free
Choosing to be drug free is one of the most
important decisions you can make.
• Drug free
• A characteristic of a person not taking illegal drugs or of a place
where no illegal drugs are used
Resisting negative peer pressure is difficult, but it is much
harder stopping drug use once it has started.
Refusing Drugs
Use the S.T.O.P. strategy when you are approached by
someone pressuring you to use drugs.
Refusal skills help you
resist negative peer
pressure without
feeling guilty or
uncomfortable.
S
Say no in a firm voice.
T
Tell why not.
O
Offer alternative ideas or activities.
P
Promptly leave.
Refusing Drugs
Choose friends who
are also drug free.
Avoid places where
you know drugs will
be present.
Always look for
healthful ways
to deal with
problems you
are facing.
The Benefits of Staying Drug Free
You will not be breaking the law.
You will have better control of your
feelings and actions.
You will have better concentration
and memory.
You will not regret foolish actions
caused by impaired judgment.
You will have more natural energy.
You will not waste money on drugs.
You will be able to focus on improving
your talents.
You will have better relationships with
your family and friends.
You will look better.
You will respect yourself for taking
care of your body and mind.
Positive Alternatives to Drug Use
Begin a regular physical
fitness routine.
Join a school club or
organize a new one.
Volunteer to help
someone in your school
or community.
Take part in a
drug-free event.
Bring a friend.
Balance enough physical
activity with enough rest.
Write down your
thoughts, or express
yourself through art.
Form friendships
with people who
are drug free.
Assignment 4
1. Analyze Why do you think there are so many
different drug treatment options available?
1. Hypothesize what you might say if you were
talking with a friend who is thinking about
experimenting with drugs. What might you
say to encourage him or her to stay drug
free?